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Exposure to eagle owl feces induces anti-predator behavior, physiology, and hypothalamic gene responses in a subterranean rodent, the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)
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Exposure to eagle owl feces induces anti-predator behavior, physiology, and hypothalamic gene responses in a subterranean rodent, the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)
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Exposure to eagle owl feces induces anti-predator behavior, physiology, and hypothalamic gene responses in a subterranean rodent, the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)
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Journal Article
Exposure to eagle owl feces induces anti-predator behavior, physiology, and hypothalamic gene responses in a subterranean rodent, the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi)
2020
Overview
Predator odors are natural stressors that induce anti-predator defensive responses, which have developed under evolutionary pressures to maximize the fitness of an individual to avoid dangerous confrontations. In this study, we analyzed the defensive responses of a subterranean rodent species, the plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), to predation threat, and examined the trade-offs between defensive responses and foraging. Plateau zokors were exposed to 1, 3, and 6 g of eagle owl (Bubo bubo) feces, and the anti-predator behavioral, hormonal, and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor and c-fos mRNA expression responses were analyzed and compared with the control (distilled water). Exposure of the animals to owl feces led to significant reductions in both duration of feeding and amount of food consumed, while some defensive behavioral responses (e.g., freezing and rearing) were more significant in the exposed animals than in the control. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in plateau zokors exposed to owl feces were significantly higher compared with the control. The hypothalamic corticotropinreleasing factor and c-fos mRNA expression levels of plateau zokors exposed to 1, 3, and 6 g owl feces increased significantly, concomitant with the amount of eagle owl feces presented. Owl feces induced various behavioral, hormonal, and hypothalamic gene expression changes in plateau zokors exposed to them. Some behavioral and gene expression (but not hormonal) responses appeared to be threshold dependent.
Publisher
Springer Science + Business Media,Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
