Journal Article

Multicentric Italian case–control study on 25OH vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome

Pajno, R., Crinò, A., Mariani, M., Patti, G., Grugni, G., Cappa, M., Delvecchio, M., Faienza, M. F., Rutigliano, I., Fintini, D., Convertino, A., Osimani, S., Bocchini, S., Panfili, F. M., Mazzitelli, L., Campana, G., Scarano, E., Sacco, M., Licenziati, M. R.

2023

Overview

Purpose 25OHD levels in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), the most frequent cause of genetic obesity with a peculiar fat mass distribution, are still debated. Insulin resistance (IR), Body Mass Index-SDS (BMI-SDS), Growth Hormone Therapy (GHT), and puberty onset seem to interact with 25OHD levels. The objectives of the study are: (1) To analyze 25OHD levels in pediatric PWS patients in comparison with a control group (CNT) (2) To evaluate a possible correlation between BMI-SDS, HOMA-IR, puberty, GHT, and 25OHD levels. Methods This is a retrospective case–control, multicenter study. Data were collected among 8 different Italian Hospitals (outpatient clinics), over a period of four years (2016–2020). We included 192 genetically confirmed PWS and 192 CNT patients, aged 3–18 years, matched 1:1 for age, gender, BMI-SDS, Tanner stage, sun exposure, and month of recruitment. Results No statistically significant differences in 25OHD levels were observed between the PWS population and the CNT (PWS 24.0 ng/mL vs CNT 22.5 ng/mL, p  > 0.05), OR = 0.89 (95% CI 0.58–1.35). We observed a slight, although non-significant, reduction in 25OHD levels comparing NW and OB populations. HOMA-IR, puberty onset, genotype and GHT (previous or ongoing) did not show statistically significant correlation with 25OHD levels. Conclusions Our findings could be useful for clinicians to optimize the therapeutic management as well as to increase awareness of PWS.

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Adolescent / Body composition / Body fat / Body mass index / Case-Control Studies / Child / Children & youth / Disease management / Endocrinology / Ethics / Genotypes / Glucose / Human Growth Hormone - therapeutic use / Humans / Immunoassay / Insulin Resistance / Internal Medicine / Italy / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Metabolic Diseases / Obesity / Original Article / Osteoporosis / Overweight / Patients / Pediatrics / Prader-Willi syndrome / Prader-Willi Syndrome - drug therapy / Puberty / Radiation / Retrospective Studies / Statistical analysis / Teenagers / Vitamin D / Vitamin D - therapeutic use