Journal Article

Efficacy of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy (HITHOC) in Thymic Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-analysis

de Andrade Pontual Peres, Clara, Onyeji, Paul, Kemczenski, Frederico, Oliveira, Amanda Caroline, da Nobrega Oliveira, Rachid Eduardo Noleto

2025

Overview

Introduction The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) as an adjuvant treatment for thymic epithelial tumors, including thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Methods A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception to July 30, 2024. The analysis included retrospective studies and case series involving patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery combined with HITHOC for thymomas. The treatment effects for binary endpoints were assessed using proportion rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analyses were performed using R software. Results Fifteen studies comprising 248 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 56 years. Thymomas represented 92% of cases, thymic carcinomas 7%, and other thymic neoplasms 1%. Operative mortality was 2.42% (95% CI 1.09–5.28), and overall mortality was 8.32% (95% CI 4.25–15.65). The disease recurrence rate was 25.99% (95% CI 14.04–43.02). The incidence of pneumonia was 1.96% (95% CI 0.45–8.16), and acute kidney injury (AKI) was 2.83% (95% CI 0.94–8.20). Conclusions The combination of cytoreductive surgery with HITHOC in patients with thymomas resulted in low operative and overall mortality, as well as low rates of AKI. However, the high recurrence rate presents a challenge for long-term disease control. This study provides the most up-to-date evidence on the safety and efficacy of HITHOC for thymomas, contributing valuable insights for clinical practice. Trial Registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; No.: CRD42024566953; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ .

• Publisher: Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Carcinoma / Chemotherapy / Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion - methods / Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion - mortality / Combined Modality Therapy / Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures - methods / Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures - mortality / Disease control / Humans / Hyperthermia, Induced - methods / Hyperthermia, Induced - mortality / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Meta-analysis / Mortality / Oncology / Patients / Prognosis / Statistical analysis / Surgery / Surgical Oncology / Systematic review / Thoracic Oncology and Esophageal Cancer / Thymoma - pathology / Thymoma - therapy / Thymus / Thymus Neoplasms - pathology / Thymus Neoplasms - therapy