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Simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific
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Simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific
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Journal Article
Simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific
2021
Overview
The present climate simulation and future projection of the mixed layer depth (MLD) and subduction process in the subtropical Southeast Pacific are investigated based on the geophysical fluid dynamics laboratory earth system model (GFDL-ESM2M). The MLD deepens from May and reaches its maximum (>160 m) near (24°S, 104°W) in September in the historical simulation. The MLD spatial pattern in September is non-uniform in the present climate, which shows three characteristics: (1) the deep MLD extends from the Southeast Pacific to the West Pacific and leads to a “deep tongue” until 135°W; (2) the northern boundary of the MLD maximum is smoothly near 18°S, and MLD shallows sharply to the northeast; (3) there is a relatively shallow MLD zone inserted into the MLD maximum eastern boundary near (26°S, 80°W) as a weak “shallow tongue”. The MLD nonuniform spatial pattern generates three strong MLD fronts respectively in the three key regions, promoting the subduction rate. After global warming, the variability of MLD spatial patterns is remarkably diverse, rather than deepening consistently. In all the key regions, the MLD deepens in the south but shoals in the north, strengthing the MLD front. As a result, the subduction rate enhances in these areas. This MLD antisymmetric variability is mainly influenced by various factors, especially the potential-density horizontal advection non-uniform changes. Notice that the freshwater flux change helps to deepen the MLD uniformly in the whole basin, so it hardly works on the regional MLD variability. The study highlights that there are regional differences in the mechanisms of the MLD change, and the MLD front change caused by MLD non-uniform variability is the crucial factor in the subduction response to global warming.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V,Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,Nanjing 210044,China,School of Marine Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China,Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China,Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China%Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education,Nanjing 210044,China,MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science,Polar Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200136,China%School of Marine Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China,Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing 210044,China
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