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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process
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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process
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Journal Article
Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process
2024
Overview
In combination with theoretical calculations, experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions (NMIs) during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCoB heat-resistant steel and CaF
2
–CaO–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
–B
2
O
3
electroslag remelting (ESR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial ESR furnace. The main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina, a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al
2
O
3
core and liquid CaO–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
–MnO shell, and M
23
C
6
carbides with an MnS core. The Al
2
O
3
and MnS inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M
23
C
6
-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification processes. Therefore, inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer precipitation. The ESR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al
2
O
3
–SiO
2
–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion with a carbide shell, and only the Al
2
O
3
inclusions and Al
2
O
3
core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted ingot. The M
23
C
6
-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr
23
C
6
based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy results. The substitution of Cr with W, Fe, or/and Mo in the Cr
23
C
6
lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr
23
C
6
carbide. Therefore, Cr
21.34
Fe
1.66
C
6
, (Cr
19
W
4
)C
6
, Cr
18.4
Mo
4.6
C
6
, and Cr
16
Fe
5
Mo
2
C
6
can match the fraction pattern of Cr
23
C
6
carbide. The Al
2
O
3
inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO, SiO
2
, and MnO components in the liquid inclusion. The increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al
2
O
3
precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF
2
and the increase in CaO content in the ESR-type slag.
Publisher
University of Science and Technology Beijing,Springer Nature B.V,Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics, Division of Materials Science, Lule? University of Technology, 97187 Lule?, Sweden%Casting & Forging Business Unit, Nuclear Business Group, Doosan Enerbility, Changwon 51711, Rep. of Korea,School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China,Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Rep. of Korea%Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Rep. of Korea%Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellv?gen 23, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
Subject
