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Sequencing-Based Detection of Measles in Wastewater: Texas, January 2025

by Ross, Matthew C. , Javornik Cregeen, Sara , Deegan, Jennifer , Hopkins, Loren , Short, Kirstin , Stadler, Lauren B. , Cook, Marissa , Wu, Jingjing , Schneider, Rebecca , Surathu, Anil , Boerwinkle, Eric , Domakonda, Kaavya , Tisza, Michael J. , Hanson, Blake , Maresso, Anthony , Petrosino, Joseph F.

in Acids / Chemical analysis / Coronaviruses / Droplets / Epidemics / Epidemiology / Genomes / Genomics / Genotype & phenotype / Genotypes / Health surveillance / Humans / Immunity / Immunization/Vaccines / Influenza / Laboratories / Mapping / Measles / Measles - diagnosis / Measles - epidemiology / Measles virus - genetics / Measles virus - isolation & purification / Nucleic acids / Pathogens / Polymerase chain reaction / Prospective Studies / Public health / Public Health Practice / Research & Analysis / Respiratory diseases / Surveillance / Texas - epidemiology / Vaccines / Viral infections / Viruses / Warning systems / Wastewater / Wastewater - virology / Wastewater analysis / Wastewater treatment / Wastewater treatment plants / Water treatment

2025

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Sequencing-Based Detection of Measles in Wastewater: Texas, January 2025

2025

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Sequencing-Based Detection of Measles in Wastewater: Texas, January 2025

2025

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Journal Article

Sequencing-Based Detection of Measles in Wastewater: Texas, January 2025

Ross, Matthew C.,

Javornik Cregeen, Sara,

Deegan, Jennifer,

Hopkins, Loren,

Short, Kirstin,

Stadler, Lauren B.,

Cook, Marissa,

Wu, Jingjing,

Schneider, Rebecca,

Surathu, Anil,

Boerwinkle, Eric,

Domakonda, Kaavya,

Tisza, Michael J.,

Hanson, Blake,

Maresso, Anthony,

Petrosino, Joseph F.

2025

Overview

Measles is a potentially deadly viral infection spread via respiratory droplets from infected individuals. Outbreaks occur when vaccine coverage drops below the threshold of herd, or community, immunity. Using a sequencing-based approach, we report the prospective (January 7, 2025) detection of measles in nucleic acid extracts from 2 wastewater treatment plants in Houston, Texas, with a population of more than 218 000 residents. The sequencing data from 2 samples contained 53 unique reads mapping to 11 different regions of the measles virus genome with a 99.4% match to genotype B3. Importantly, no detections were observed from 821 previous samples from the same city spanning nearly 3 years of monitoring. The findings were confirmed using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. A concomitant investigation identified 2 unvaccinated measles-positive travelers living within the same sewershed as the wastewater detection event. This work suggests that sequencing-based wastewater analysis is valuable as a comprehensive early detection warning system that facilitates more targeted epidemiological investigation. ( Am J Public Health. 2025;115(7):1115–1119. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308146 )

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Publisher

American Public Health Association

Subject

/ Genomes