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Steam pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass for enhanced bioelectricity generation and TDS reduction in microbial fuel cells
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Steam pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass for enhanced bioelectricity generation and TDS reduction in microbial fuel cells
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Journal Article
Steam pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass for enhanced bioelectricity generation and TDS reduction in microbial fuel cells
2025
Overview
This study evaluates the effect of steam-assisted pretreatment of Bougainvillea biomass on bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) utilizing reverse osmosis (RO) reject water as the electrolyte. Bougainvillea, an underutilized lignocellulosic ornamental plant waste, is naturally resistant to microbial degradation due to its high lignin content. To enhance its biodegradability, the biomass was steam-treated at 121 °C and 15 psi for 30 min, resulting in increased porosity and improved microbial accessibility. Both untreated and pretreated biomass were tested as substrates in dual-chamber MFCs inoculated with a pure Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), with RO reject water (total dissolved solids (TDS)—655 ± 23 mg/L) serving as the catholyte. Electrochemical characterization through cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy revealed enhanced redox activity and significantly reduced internal resistance in the system fed with steam-treated biomass. This setup achieved a peak power density of 275 mW/m2 and reduced TDS to ~ 200 mg/L within five days. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy analyses confirmed structural degradation of the lignocellulosic matrix. Moreover, the release of reducing sugars peaked at 215 mg/g, indicating enhanced substrate bioavailability. These findings demonstrate that steam pretreatment is an effective, low-cost strategy to improve both energy recovery and TDS wastewater remediation in MFCs, promoting a sustainable approach to biomass valorization and environmental management.Graphical abstractSteam treatment makes Bougainvillea waste easier to convert into clean bioenergy.The system generates strong electricity and efficiently reduces salts in wastewater.Provides a simple, low-cost method to turn plant and RO reject waste into resources.
