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Relationships of relative humidity with PM2.5 and PM10 in the Yangtze River Delta, China
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Relationships of relative humidity with PM2.5 and PM10 in the Yangtze River Delta, China
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Journal Article
Relationships of relative humidity with PM2.5 and PM10 in the Yangtze River Delta, China
2017
Overview
Severe particulate matter (PM, including PM
2.5
and PM
10
) pollution frequently impacts many cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in China, which has aroused growing concern. In this study, we examined the associations between relative humidity (RH) and PM pollution using the equal step-size statistical method. Our results revealed that RH had an inverted U-shaped relationship with PM
2.5
concentrations (peaking at RH = 45–70%), and an inverted V-shaped relationship (peaking at RH = 40 ± 5%) with PM
10
, SO
2
, and NO
2
. The trends of polluted-day number significantly changed at RH = 70%. The very-dry (RH < 45%), dry (RH = 45–60%) and low-humidity (RH = 60–70%) conditions positively affected PM
2.5
and exerted an accumulation effect, while the mid-humidity (RH = 70–80%), high-humidity (RH = 80–90%), and extreme-humidity (RH = 90–100%) conditions played a significant role in reducing particle concentrations. For PM
10
, the accumulation and reduction effects of RH were split at RH = 45%. Moreover, an upward slope in the PM
2.5
/PM
10
ratio indicated that the accumulation effects from increasing RH were more intense on PM
2.5
than on PM
10
, while the opposite was noticed for the reduction effects. Secondary transformations from SO
2
and NO
2
to sulfate and nitrate were mainly responsible for PM
2.5
pollution, and thus, controlling these precursors is effective in mitigating the PM pollution in the YRD, especially during winter. The conclusions in this study will be helpful for regional air-quality management.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
