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Modified crystal structure, dielectric properties, and magnetic phase transition temperature of Ca doped BiFeO3 ceramic
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Modified crystal structure, dielectric properties, and magnetic phase transition temperature of Ca doped BiFeO3 ceramic
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Journal Article
Modified crystal structure, dielectric properties, and magnetic phase transition temperature of Ca doped BiFeO3 ceramic
2018
Overview
This paper deals with the preparation of multiferroic Bi
1−
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
(
x
= 0–0.2) ceramics with the sol–gel method and a study on the influence of Ca
2+
doping on the structure, dielectric, and ferromagnetic properties of BiFeO
3
ceramics. The result shows that the XRD analysis reveals a phase transition in Ca-doped BiFeO
3
from rhombohedral to orthorhombic when
x
is greater than 0.1. The dielectric constant (
ε
r
) of Bi
0.9
Ca
0.1
FeO
3
measured at 1 kHz is about seven times greater than that of BiFeO
3
, and Bi
0.8
Ca
0.2
FeO
3
is less than one-tenth of BiFeO
3
. It might be understood in terms of the dipole polarization, oxygen vacancy and lattice phase transition. Magnetic measurements show that the M-H of Bi
1
−
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
samples exhibit unsaturated and symmetric magnetic hysteresis loops with the increase of Ca
2+
, indicating the weakly ferromagnetic behavior. It indicates that there is coexistence of Fe
2+
and Fe
3+
in Bi
1
−
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
samples according to the XPS spectrum. The ratio of Fe
2+
/Fe
3+
increases with doping Ca
2+
content and the magnetic properties of BiFeO
3
are enhanced. It is evident that the ferromagnetic phase transition of BiFeO
3
samples occurs at 878 K by measuring the M–T and DSC curves. The
T
N
of BiFeO
3
will be reduced from 644 to 638 K and the
T
M
does not change slightly at 878 K with increasing Ca
2+
content.
T
N
and
T
M
of Bi
1
−
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
change depends mainly on the magnetic structure of relative stability and Fe–O–Fe super-exchange strength.
Graphical abstract
The grains of BiFeO
3
sample appear cube shaped, while more irregular grains of Bi
1
−
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
sample are formed with doping Ca
2+
from Fig. 2.
M-H of BiFeO
3
exhibit saturated and symmetric magnetic hysteresis loops at room temperature with doping Ca
2+
, indicating that Ca
2+
doping can improve the ferromagnetic properties of BiFeO
3
.
It is evident that the ferromagnetic phase transition of Bi
1-
x
Ca
x
FeO
3
samples occurs at 878K by measuring the M-T and DSC curves.
Publisher
Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
