Journal Article

Pharmacogenetic strategies to mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in head and neck cancer: A cost-minimization analysis with the use of GSTP1 c.313A>G genotyping

Macedo, Ligia Traldi, Calonga, Luciane, Chone, Carlos Takahiro, Castilho, Arthur Menino, Passos Lima, Carmen Silvia, Dias Costa, Ericka Francislaine, Ferrari, Vinicius Eduardo, Lourenço, Gustavo Jacob

2026

Overview

Cisplatin is a cornerstone agent in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nonetheless, cisplatin is associated with significant ototoxicity, leading to substantial irreversible hearing loss. Pharmacogenetic testing offers a potential strategy to identify patients at risk, allowing for personalized treatment plans that could mitigate this adverse event and reduce related costs. This study aimed to evaluate the economic impact of pharmacogenomic screening. A cost-minimization analysis was conducted using a decision-analytic model incorporating Bayesian inference through Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Probabilities of ototoxicity were derived from existing literature. The costs of standard treatment were compared with those of a genotype-guided approach, assessing potential cost savings related to the need for audiological interventions. In 250 patients, the genotype-guided approach reduced the incidence of moderate-to-severe ototoxicity from 29% to 18% among low-risk patients while avoiding cisplatin in high-risk individuals. The total savings over 10 years were estimated at US$13,077.73 (Credible Interval US$11,026.07 to US$14,147.61), driven primarily by reduced costs for audiological interventions. The break-even point for cost-effectiveness was achieved when at least 275 patients were tested annually. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the cost savings remained robust under variations in patient volume and testing costs. Implementing pharmacogenomic screening in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with cisplatin may offer significant economic benefits. Personalized treatment plans based on genetic risk for ototoxicity could potentially not only enhance patient-related outcomes but also contribute to more efficient use of healthcare resources. Prospective, randomized evaluations would be ideal to confirm these findings.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,PLOS,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Airway management / Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects / Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use / Bayes Theorem / Bayesian analysis / Biology and Life Sciences / Cancer / Cancer therapies / Chemotherapy / Cisplatin / Cisplatin - adverse effects / Cisplatin - therapeutic use / Cost analysis / Cost control / Cost effectiveness / Cost reduction / Cost-Benefit Analysis / Customization / Drug dosages / Economic impact / Economics / Female / Genetic testing / Genotype / Genotype & phenotype / Genotypes / Glutathione / Glutathione S-Transferase pi - genetics / Glutathione transferase / Head & neck cancer / Head and neck carcinoma / Head and Neck Neoplasms - drug therapy / Head and Neck Neoplasms - economics / Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics / Hearing aids / Hearing loss / Hearing protection / Humans / Medicine and Health Sciences / Optimization / Ototoxicity / Ototoxicity - economics / Ototoxicity - etiology / Ototoxicity - genetics / Ototoxicity - prevention & control / Patients / People and places / Pharmacogenetics - economics / Pharmacogenomic Testing - economics / Pharmacogenomics / Probability / Radiation therapy / Research and Analysis Methods / Risk / Risk groups / Sensitivity analysis / Squamous cell carcinoma / Standard of care / Statistical inference