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Spatial Distribution and Sources of Rare Earth Elements in Urban River Water: The Indicators of Anthropogenic Inputs
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Spatial Distribution and Sources of Rare Earth Elements in Urban River Water: The Indicators of Anthropogenic Inputs
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Journal Article
Spatial Distribution and Sources of Rare Earth Elements in Urban River Water: The Indicators of Anthropogenic Inputs
2023
Overview
Rare earth element (REE) concentrations in river water reflect both local geological background and the intensity of anthropogenic activities. The increasing demand for high-tech applications is accompanied by an increase in REEs in water environments, especially in urban regions. Therefore, the dissolved REEs in a typical urban river (Yongding River) were analyzed to reveal the influence of anthropogenic inputs. It was found that the sum of dissolved REE (ΣREE) concentrations in river water were 6.27~86.26 ng L−1 (mean 31.05 ng L−1). The spatial distribution of REEs is significantly affected by both natural processes and human activities. To eliminate the effect of upstream land use on downstream measurements, this study established a 500 m buffer zone alongside the river and identified the anthropogenic origin of REEs through correlations among land use proportions within the buffer zone, the population density, and REEs. The Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized REEs revealed pronouncedly positive Gd anomalies in the range 0.30~20.16 in all river samples. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the proportion of cultivated land was positively correlated with most of the REEs. A three-dimensional tracer system was established via Gdanth, NO3−/Na+ and Cl−/Na+ to characterize the impact of sewage treatment plants, hospitals and agricultural activities on river water. The results indicate that with the acceleration of urbanization, abnormal REEs can be considered as a sensitive indicator to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities on water ecosystems.
