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Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation
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Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation
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Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation
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Journal Article
Pronounced expression of the lipolytic inhibitor G0/G1 Switch Gene 2 (G0S2) in adipose tissue from brown bears (Ursus arctos) prior to hibernation
2016
Overview
Prior to hibernation, the brown bear (Ursus arctos) exhibits unparalleled weight gain. Unlike humans, weight gain in bears is associated with lower levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFA) and increased insulin sensitivity. Understanding how free‐ranging brown bears suppress lipolysis when gaining weight may therefore provide novel insight toward the development of human therapies. Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected from immobilized free‐ranging brown bears (fitted with GPS‐collars) during hibernation in winter and from the same bears during the active period in summer in Dalarna, Sweden. The expression of lipid droplet‐associated proteins in adipose tissue was examined under the hypothesis that bears suppress lipolysis during summer while gaining weight by increased expression of negative regulators of lipolysis. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) expression did not differ between seasons, but in contrast, the expression of ATGL coactivator Comparative gene identification‐58 (CGI‐58) was lower in summer. In addition, the expression of the negative regulators of lipolysis, G0S2 and cell‐death inducing DNA fragmentation factor‐a‐like effector (CIDE)C markedly increased during summer. Free‐ranging brown bears display potent upregulation of inhibitors of lipolysis in adipose tissue during summer. This is a potential mechanism for increased insulin sensitivity during weight gain and G0S2 may serve as a target to modulate insulin sensitivity. By exploring the amazing adaptation for hibernation in free‐ranging brown bears we have found evidence for a molecular mechanism that can contribute to explaining the paradox of increased insulin sensitivity during weight gain that is observed in brown bears living in captivity.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subject
Adaptation, Physiological - physiology
/ adipose tissue triglyceride lipase
/ Animals
/ Bears
/ Body fat
/ Cell Cycle Proteins - biosynthesis
/ Collars
/ Endocrine and Metabolic Conditons, Disorders and Treatments
/ Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood
/ Female
/ Insulin
/ Insulin Resistance - physiology
/ Lipase
/ Male
/ Summer
/ Ursidae
