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Experimental reactions between olivine and orthopyroxene with phonolite melt: implications for the origins of hydrous amphibole + phlogopite + diopside bearing metasomatic veins
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Experimental reactions between olivine and orthopyroxene with phonolite melt: implications for the origins of hydrous amphibole + phlogopite + diopside bearing metasomatic veins
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Journal Article
Experimental reactions between olivine and orthopyroxene with phonolite melt: implications for the origins of hydrous amphibole + phlogopite + diopside bearing metasomatic veins
2014
Overview
Amphibole + phlogopite + diopside bearing veins are observed in a large number of upper mantle xenoliths, but the composition of the melt that forms them is poorly constrained. Recent data from the Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany, has shown that phonolite melt will react with olivine and orthopyroxene xenocrysts to form reaction rims of amphibole + phlogopite + diopside at mid-lower crustal pressures. This is the first example of where a melt has reacted with peridotite to form the mineralogy of the metasomatic veins. It is therefore necessary to explore whether a phonolite melt could be the parent melt that forms amphibole + phlogopite + diopside metasomatic veins. Experimental reactions between single crystals of olivine and orthopyroxene with phonolite melt were conducted at upper mantle conditions of 1.0–1.5 GPa and 900–1,000 °C. Melt water contents were varied from anhydrous to >12 wt. H
2
O. Olivine reacts to form phlogopite reaction rims with overgrowths of diopside <1,000 °C or rims of secondary olivine >1,000 °C. Orthopyroxene reacts to form amphibole with epitaxial diopside overgrowths <1,000 °C. No reaction rims form when the bulk melt H
2
O is lower than ~3.8 wt%. Pressure has little effect over the small range tested. These experiments reproduce reaction rims on olivine and orthopyroxene observed in the Heldburg Phonolite, Central Germany, and suggest that a relatively narrow range of temperatures and melt water contents is required for rim formation. The compositions of rim amphibole, phlogopite and diopside from the experiments have very similar compositions to those from Heldburg but do not match those from metasomatic veins. Phenocrysts from Heldburg are similar to the metasomatic veins, suggesting that a phonolite could potentially form the veins if vein formation is dominated by crystallization rather than reaction and replacement of wall rock phases.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
