Journal Article

ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema: a Review

Kostis, William J, Kostis, John B, Yuvraj Singh Chowdhury, Shetty, Mrinali

2018

Overview

Purpose of ReviewThis study aims to examine current knowledge on the occurrence, pathophysiology, and treatment of angioedema among patients who receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Recent FindingsAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), a medication class used by an estimated 40 million people worldwide, are associated with angioedema that occurs with incidence ranging from 0.1 to 0.7%. The widespread use of ACE-I resulted in one third of all emergency department visits for angioedema. Angioedema occurs more frequently in African Americans, smokers, women, older individuals, and those with a history of drug rash, seasonal allergies, and use of immunosuppressive therapy. The pathophysiology of ACE-I-induced angioedema involves inhibition of bradykinin and substance P degradation by ACE (kininase II) leading to vasodilator and plasma extravasation. Treatment modalities include antihistamines, steroids, and epinephrine, as well as endotracheal intubation in cases of airway compromise. Patients with a history of ACE-I-induced angioedema should not be re-challenged with this class of agents, as there is a relatively high risk of recurrence.ConclusionACE-I are frequently used therapeutic agents that are associated with angioedema. Their use should be avoided in high-risk individuals and early diagnosis, tracheal intubation in cases of airway compromise, and absolute avoidance of re-challenge are important.

• Publisher: Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: ACE inhibitors / Angioedema / Diuretics / Edema / Enzymes / Hypertension / Intubation