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Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
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Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
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Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market
Journal Article

Mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio and under / overvaluation in the Brazilian stock market

2021
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Overview
ABSTRACT The market price-earnings ratios differ from those of each share. Despite allowing for several pertinent analyses, authors have rarely addressed these valuation ratios in the Brazilian context. We can use it to evaluate whether the stock market is overvalued (undervalued). In this article, we analyze the mean reversion in a price-earnings ratio based on Ibovespa and identify periods of overvaluation (undervaluation) in the Brazilian stock market. We considered the period from December 2004 to June 2018. Until then, there are no studies that sought to identify periods of overvaluation (undervaluation) in this market. In the analyses, we used non-linear econometric methods. We analyzed the mean reversion in the price-earnings ratio using a unit root test that incorporates a Fourier function in the deterministic term. We identified the periods of market overvaluation (undervaluation) through the regime probabilities obtained from a Markov Switching model, estimated with the price-earnings ratio. The results evidenced that the price-earnings ratio based on the Ibovespa has a non-linear trend and exhibits mean reversion. Thus, this valuation ratio should provide information on the future stock market returns, mostly when it is very dispersed in relation to historical standards. We identified four periods of market overvaluation interposed with five periods of market undervaluation. Mean reversion in the price-earnings ratio contraposes the Efficient Markets Hypothesis. There are no other applications of unit root tests with a Fourier function in the Brazilian context. Furthermore, adopting a Markov Switching model to identify periods of market overvaluation (undervaluation) consists of a methodological contribution. Investors can take advantage of the identification of these periods to establish investment strategies. RESUMO Os índices preço-lucro de mercado diferem daqueles de cada ação. Apesar de possibilitarem várias análises pertinentes, raramente, esses índices foram abordados no contexto brasileiro. Eles podem ser utilizados para avaliar uma sub/sobrevalorização do mercado de ações. Este estudo objetivou analisar a reversão à média em um índice preço-lucro baseado no Ibovespa, assim como, utilizando dele, identificar momentos de sub/sobrevalorização do mercado de ações brasileiro. O período considerado foi de dezembro de 2004 a junho de 2018. Até então, não havia estudos que identificassem momentos de sub/sobrevalorização desse mercado. Nas análises, foram adotados métodos econométricos não lineares. A reversão a média do índice preço-lucro foi analisada mediante um teste de raiz unitária que incorpora uma função Fourier no termo determinístico. Os momentos de sub/sobrevalorização foram identificados por meio das probabilidades de regime, recuperadas de um modelo Markov Switching estimado com o índice preço-lucro. Os resultados evidenciaram que o índice preço-lucro baseado no Ibovespa tem uma tendência não linear e apresenta reversão à média. Assim, sobretudo, em momentos nos quais esse múltiplo se encontrar notavelmente disperso para os padrões históricos, ele deve prover informação sobre o comportamento futuro do mercado de ações. Foram identificados quatro momentos de mercado sobrevalorizado, intercalando com cinco momentos de mercado subvalorizado. A reversão à média do índice preço-lucro contrapõe a Hipótese de Mercados Eficientes. Não foram encontradas outras aplicações de testes de raiz unitária com função Fourier no contexto brasileiro. Além disso, adotar um modelo de Markov Switching para identificar momentos de sub/sobrevalorização no mercado de ações consiste em uma contribuição metodológica. Investidores podem tirar proveito da identificação desses momentos para estabelecer estratégias de investimento.
Publisher
Departamento de Contabilidade - FEA/USP,Universidade de São Paulo, FEA, Departmento de Contabilidade e Atuária