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Two Predators, One Prey — the Interaction Between Bacteriophage, Bacterivorous Ciliates, and Escherichia coli
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Two Predators, One Prey — the Interaction Between Bacteriophage, Bacterivorous Ciliates, and Escherichia coli
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Journal Article
Two Predators, One Prey — the Interaction Between Bacteriophage, Bacterivorous Ciliates, and Escherichia coli
2023
Overview
Bacterivorous ciliates and lytic bacteriophages are two major predators in aquatic environments, competing for the same type of prey. This study investigated the possible interaction of these different microorganisms and their influence on the activity of each other. Therefore, two bacterivorous ciliates,
Paramecium
sp. RB1 and
Tetrahymena
sp. RB2, were used as representative ciliates; a T4-like
Escherichia coli
targeting lytic bacteriophage as a model virus; and
E. coli
ATCC 25922 as a susceptible bacterial host and prey. The growth of the two ciliates with
E. coli
ATCC 25922 as prey was affected by the presence of phage particles. The grazing activity of the two ciliates resulted in more than a 99% reduction of the phage titer and bacterial cell numbers. However, viable phage particles were recovered from individual washed cells of the two ciliates after membrane filtration. Therefore, ciliates such as
Paramecium
sp. RB1 and
Tetrahymena
sp. RB2 can remove bacteriophages present in natural and artificial waters by ingesting the viral particles and eliminating bacterial host cells required for viral replication. The ingestion of phage particles may marginally contribute to the nutrient supply of the ciliates. However, the interaction of phage particles with ciliate cells may contribute to the transmission of bacteriophages in aquatic environments.
Publisher
Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cells
/ Ciliates
/ E coli
/ Ecology
/ Geoecology/Natural Processes
/ Phages
/ Prey
