Journal Article

Apigenin attenuates molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with renal impairments induced by gentamicin exposure in rats

Alsharif, Khalaf F., Mufti, Ahmad H., Baty, Roua S., Lokman, Maha S., Kassab, Rami B., Algahtani, Mohammad, Oyouni, Atif Abdulwahab A., Althagafi, Hussam A., Hussein, Manal M., Theyab, Abdulrahman, Albrakati, Ashraf, Alharthi, Fahad, Abdel Moneim, Ahmed E.

2022

Overview

Gentamicin (GM) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. However, its application is accompanied by renal impairments. Apigenin is a flavonoid found in many edible plants with potent therapeutic values. This study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of apigenin on GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Animals were injected orally with three different doses of apigenin (5 mg kg −1  day −1 , 10 mg kg −1  day −1 , and 20 mg kg −1  day −1 ). Apigenin administration abolished the alterations in the kidney index and serum levels of kidney-specific functions markers, namely blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and KIM-1, NGAL, and cystatin C following GM exposure. Additionally, apigenin increased levels of enzymatic (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and non-enzymatic antioxidant proteins (reduced glutathione) and decreased levels of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide, and downregulated nitric oxide synthase-2 in the kidney tissue following GM administration. At the molecular scope, apigenin administration was found to upregulate the mRNA expression of Nfe2l2 and Hmox1 in the kidney tissue. Moreover, apigenin administration suppressed renal inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa-B, Bax, and caspase-3, while increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 compared with those in GM-administered group. The recorded data suggests that apigenin treatment could be used to alleviate renal impairments associated with GM administration.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Aminoglycoside antibiotics / Aminoglycosides / Animals / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Antibiotics / Antioxidants - metabolism / apigenin / Apigenin - metabolism / Apigenin - pharmacology / Apoptosis / Aquatic Pollution / Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution / B-cell lymphoma / B-lymphocytes / Bacterial diseases / BAX protein / bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism / blood serum / Caspase 3 - metabolism / Caspase-3 / Catalase / Catalase - metabolism / Creatinine / Cystatin C / Earth and Environmental Science / Ecotoxicology / Environment / Environmental Chemistry / Environmental Health / Environmental science / Flavonoids / Gene expression / Gentamicin / Gentamicins - metabolism / Gentamicins - toxicity / Glutathione / Glutathione - metabolism / Glutathione peroxidase / Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism / Glutathione reductase / Glutathione Reductase - metabolism / glutathione-disulfide reductase / histopathology / IL-1β / inducible nitric oxide synthase / inflammation / Interleukin-1beta - metabolism / Interleukins / Kidney / Kidneys / lipid peroxides / Lipid Peroxides - metabolism / Lipids / Lipocalin-2 - metabolism / Lipocalin-2 - pharmacology / Lymphocytes B / Lymphoma / nephrotoxicity / Nitric oxide / Nitric Oxide - metabolism / Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism / Nitric Oxide Synthase - pharmacology / Nitric-oxide synthase / Oxidative Stress / Peroxidase / Rats / Reductases / Research Article / RNA, Messenger - metabolism / Serum levels / Superoxide dismutase / Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism / therapeutics / tumor necrosis factor-alpha / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism / Tumor necrosis factor-α / Urea / urea nitrogen / Waste Water Technology / Water Management / Water Pollution Control