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Evidence for SSW Triggered Q6DW‐Tide and Q6DW‐Gravity Wave Interactions Observed by Meteor Radars at 30°S
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Evidence for SSW Triggered Q6DW‐Tide and Q6DW‐Gravity Wave Interactions Observed by Meteor Radars at 30°S
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Journal Article
Evidence for SSW Triggered Q6DW‐Tide and Q6DW‐Gravity Wave Interactions Observed by Meteor Radars at 30°S
2024
Overview
An exceptionally strong westward propagating quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) with zonal wavenumber 1 in connection with the rare 2019 Southern Hemispheric Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) is observed by two meteor radars at 30°S and is found to modulate and interact with the diurnal tide and gravity waves (GWs). The diurnal tide is amplified every 6 days and a prominent 21 hr child wave attributed to Q6DW‐diurnal tide nonlinear interaction occurs. Q6DW modulation on GWs is confirmed as the 4–5 day periodicity in GW variances. Simultaneously, the Q6DW appears to shift its period toward the periodicity of the modulated GW variances. Enhancement is also observed in the first results of meteor radar observed Q6DW Eliassen‐Palm flux, which may facilitate the global perturbation and persistence of this Q6DW. We conclude that the observed SSW triggered Q6DW‐tide and Q6DW‐GW interactions play an important role in coupling the lower atmospheric forcings to ionospheric variabilities.
Plain Language Summary
Our work provides observational evidence for the 6‐day planetary wave‐tide and 6‐day planetary wave‐gravity wave interactions at the Earth's mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The results strongly support the theory that wave‐wave interactions are the primary mechanism coupling planetary waves to ionospheric variability and provide an additional mechanism as the 6‐day wave modulation on the gravity waves. We utilize measurements from two meteor radars to diagnose planetary wave characteristics and identify wave‐wave interactions, and compute the first‐time meteor radar observed Eliassen‐Palm flux. Enhancement is observed in the Eliassen‐Palm flux of 6‐day wave following the SSW maximum phase, which demonstrates that energy of the 6‐day wave is enhanced and therefore, facilitates the global perturbation and persistence of the 6‐day wave for an extended time period. While meteor radar observations are widely used to investigate planetary waves and tides, high meteor detection rate is required for further studying temperature perturbations and small scale waves (e.g., gravity waves). Thus, this work also highlights the capability of a modern multi‐static meteor radar system, Chilean Observation Network De meteOr Radars, in resolving oscillations of small spatial scales over a broad range of periods, and for calculating Eliassen‐Palm flux of planetary waves.
Key Points
A dominating W1 Q6DW is observed at 30°S and its Eliassen‐Palm flux is enhanced during the 2019 SH SSW
Q6DW amplifies the diurnal tide every 6 days and a strong 21 hr child wave is observed
Q6DW modulates the gravity wave variances and its frequency appears to shift accordingly
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
Subject
