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Sulfide Copper‐Iron Isotopic Fractionation During Formation of the Kalatongke Magmatic Cu‐Ni Sulfide Deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
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Sulfide Copper‐Iron Isotopic Fractionation During Formation of the Kalatongke Magmatic Cu‐Ni Sulfide Deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
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Sulfide Copper‐Iron Isotopic Fractionation During Formation of the Kalatongke Magmatic Cu‐Ni Sulfide Deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
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Journal Article
Sulfide Copper‐Iron Isotopic Fractionation During Formation of the Kalatongke Magmatic Cu‐Ni Sulfide Deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
2024
Overview
Copper and iron isotopic signatures in sulfide and silicate minerals are important genetic indicators in magmatic sulfide deposits. Kalatongke is a large‐scale magmatic Cu‐Ni sulfide deposit in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, and one that experienced multiple stages of magmatism and contamination. It is an ideal deposit in which to study Cu‐Fe isotopic fractionation during multiple stages of magmatism and sulfide mineralization processes. The Kalatongke sulfide orebodies are hosted by three small mafic intrusions in which pyroxene and sulfides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite) are the most common Fe‐rich minerals, and chalcopyrite is the dominant Cu‐rich mineral. Sulfide liquid and silicate melt ▵56FeSul‐Sil (0.03–0.19‰) and ▵65CuCcp‐Sil (−0.78–0.74‰) values are indicative of non‐equilibrium fractionation. Most of the Cu isotope compositions in the sulfide ores at Kalatongke can be modeled as subduction‐ metasomatized, oxidized mantle source‐derived silicate melt (initial δ57Fe = 0.15‰, δ65Cu = −0.07‰) that underwent lower crustal contamination, and then reacted with silicate melt, having an R factor of 100–1,000. Rapid silicate melt and sulfide liquid Fe isotope exchange and re‐equilibration between chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in the massive ores is reflected in the similarity of their δ56Fe values. Sulfide in disseminated ores shows a range of Fe isotope ratios, influenced by the proportions of monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and intermediate solid solution (ISS) formed. Copper isotopes can be utilized to characterize crustal contamination and silicate melt‐sulfide liquid interaction, while the Fe isotope ratios of sulfide minerals record sulfide liquid segregation and evolution in magmatic sulfide deposits. Key Points Sulfide δ65Cu and δ56Fe signatures reflect crustal contamination, sulfide and silicate melt reactions, and sulfide liquid segregation Copper isotopes can record the source and crustal contamination, sulfide liquid and silicate melt reaction, and sulfide segregation Various range of sulfide minerals Fe isotopes influenced by the segregation of MSS and ISS and their ratios
