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Forest Guardians: The Role of Dense Forests and Water Networks in Supporting Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Populations in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia
by
Salazar‐Bravo, Jorge
, Stevens, Richard D.
, Alviz, Ángela
, Pérez‐Albarracín, Karen E.
in
Biodiversity
/ cambio climático
/ Cameras
/ climate change
/ Connectivity
/ conservación
/ conservation
/ crops
/ cultivos
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Extinction
/ Forests
/ fragmentación
/ fragmentation
/ Grasslands
/ Habitats
/ occupancy
/ ocupación
/ Population
/ Riparian forests
/ Tapirus terrestris
2025
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Forest Guardians: The Role of Dense Forests and Water Networks in Supporting Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Populations in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia
by
Salazar‐Bravo, Jorge
, Stevens, Richard D.
, Alviz, Ángela
, Pérez‐Albarracín, Karen E.
in
Biodiversity
/ cambio climático
/ Cameras
/ climate change
/ Connectivity
/ conservación
/ conservation
/ crops
/ cultivos
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Extinction
/ Forests
/ fragmentación
/ fragmentation
/ Grasslands
/ Habitats
/ occupancy
/ ocupación
/ Population
/ Riparian forests
/ Tapirus terrestris
2025
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Forest Guardians: The Role of Dense Forests and Water Networks in Supporting Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Populations in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia
by
Salazar‐Bravo, Jorge
, Stevens, Richard D.
, Alviz, Ángela
, Pérez‐Albarracín, Karen E.
in
Biodiversity
/ cambio climático
/ Cameras
/ climate change
/ Connectivity
/ conservación
/ conservation
/ crops
/ cultivos
/ Endangered & extinct species
/ Extinction
/ Forests
/ fragmentación
/ fragmentation
/ Grasslands
/ Habitats
/ occupancy
/ ocupación
/ Population
/ Riparian forests
/ Tapirus terrestris
2025
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Forest Guardians: The Role of Dense Forests and Water Networks in Supporting Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Populations in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia
Journal Article
Forest Guardians: The Role of Dense Forests and Water Networks in Supporting Lowland Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Populations in the Orinoquia Region of Colombia
2025
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Overview
The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is a megaherbivore integral to ecosystem functioning in South America's tropical landscapes but is increasingly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. This study assessed occupancy, detectability, and activity patterns of lowland tapirs across the Orinoquia region of Colombia. We deployed 360 camera traps over 32,000 trap‐days from 2015 to 2023 across nine study areas, evaluating the influence of habitat characteristics and anthropogenic factors on the tapir presence using hierarchical occupancy models. Our results revealed a naïve occupancy of 0.40 and an overall detectability of 0.46. Model‐averaged estimates identified dense forest cover as a critical positive predictor of tapir occupancy (Ψ = 0.58, CI: 0.39–0.64), while proximity to water resources similarly enhanced both occupancy and detectability. Conversely, anthropogenic landscapes such as pastures negatively impacted occupancy probabilities (Ψ = 0.45, CI: 0.40–0.51), whereas crop areas, primarily those used for household consumption, showed a surprising positive association. Taken together, these results indicate higher occupancy in dense forest and near streams, lower occupancy in pastures, no strong positive effect of gallery/riparian belts, and a context‐dependent positive association with smallholder crops. Our findings underscore the importance of dense forests and water bodies for tapir conservation and suggest that effective management strategies must address habitat fragmentation and human–wildlife conflicts. Future conservation efforts should include intensive monitoring, community‐based participatory approaches, and consideration of climate change impacts to ensure the long‐term survival of tapir populations in this rapidly changing landscape. RESUMEN La danta de tierras bajas (Tapirus terrestris) es un megaherbívoro que hace parte integral de la funcionalidad ecológica de los paisajes tropicales de Sur América, el cual se encuentra altamente amenazado como consecuencia de la pérdida y fragmentación de los hábitats. Este estudio buscó determinar la ocupación, detectabilidad y patrones de actividad de la danta de tierras bajas a través de la región de la Orinoquia colombiana. Fueron instaladas 360 cámaras trampa durante 32,000 días efectivos de muestreo entre 2015 y 2023. En total fueron evaluadas nueve áreas de estudio donde se determinó la influencia de las características de hábitat y factores antropogénicos sobre la presencia de las dantas por medio de la implementación de modelos de ocupación jerárquicos. Los resultados revelaron una ocupación naïve de 0.40 y una detectabilidad de 0.46. Las estimaciones promediadas del modelo identificaron el bosque denso como un predictor positivo crítico en la ocupación de la danta (Ψ = 0.58, CI: 0.39–0.64), así como la proximidad a los recursos hídricos mejoró de forma similar tanto la ocupación como la detectabilidad. Por el contrario, los paisajes antropogénicos como los pastos impactaron negativamente en las probabilidades de ocupación (Ψ = 0.45, CI: 0.40–0.51). Las áreas de cultivo, principalmente aquellas utilizadas para el consumo doméstico, mostraron una sorprendente asociación positiva. En conjunto, estos resultados indican una mayor ocupación en bosques densos y zonas cercanas a cuerpos de agua, una menor ocupación en pastizales, la ausencia de un efecto positivo marcado de los bosques de galería o ribereños, y una asociación positiva dependiente del contexto con cultivos de pequeña escala. Las carreteras aparecieron como barreras de dispersión significativas, reduciendo la detectabilidad. Nuestros resultados subrayan la importancia de los bosques densos y los cuerpos de agua para la conservación de la danta y sugieren que las estrategias de gestión efectivas deben abordar la fragmentación de los hábitats, la expansión de las carreteras y los conflictos entre el hombre y la fauna. Los futuros esfuerzos de conservación deberían incluir un seguimiento intensivo, enfoques participativos basados en la comunidad y la consideración de los impactos del cambio climático para asegurar la supervivencia a largo plazo de las poblaciones de dantas en este paisaje rápidamente cambiante. Our study reveals that lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris ) occupancy in Colombia's Orinoquia region is strongly influenced by dense forests and proximity to water bodies, while anthropogenic factors such as pastures and road networks negatively impact their presence. Using an extensive 8 year camera trap dataset and hierarchical occupancy models, we demonstrate that habitat fragmentation and land‐use change shape tapir distribution, with certain crop types unexpectedly supporting their persistence. These findings underscore the urgent need for conservation strategies that prioritize habitat connectivity, community‐based management, and climate‐resilient approaches to ensure the long‐term survival of this keystone megaherbivore.
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