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Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and their associated potential health risks
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Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and their associated potential health risks
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Journal Article
Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and their associated potential health risks
2023
Overview
The present study assessed the human health risk exposure from the consumption of poor quality groundwater in the Lucknow area, a part of Central Ganga alluvial plain in India. Around 27 (
n
= 27) groundwater samples were collected from the study area. The analytical results of the samples (
n
= 27) collected indicate silicate and carbonate weathering is the dominant process along with cation exchange, sulfide oxidation, and reverse ion exchange. The type of groundwater is Ca
2
–Na–HCO
3
−
type having all cations and anions within permissible WHO limits except for iron (Fe
2+
) and nitrate (NO
3
−
). The high concentrations of Fe
2
and NO
3
−
in samples indicate the possibility of a non-geogenic point source for the same in an urban-influenced environment. The ionic concentration of dissolved constituents is used in weighted overlay analysis to generate the water quality index (WQI). WQI indicates that most urban areas (~ 98.52%) have fallen in the good to excellent category except few situated in the highly populated parts of Lucknow. The ionic concentrations of Fe
2+
and NO
3
−
have been further used to estimate human health risk by integrating regional urban population density data in Lucknow. The risk map shows alarming risks in the west-central part, where nearly ~ 35% of the total area is at moderate to high health risk.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
