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Egyptian Liberalism in an Age of “Crisis of Orientation”: Al-Risāla'S Reaction to Fascism and Nazism, 1933–39
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Egyptian Liberalism in an Age of “Crisis of Orientation”: Al-Risāla'S Reaction to Fascism and Nazism, 1933–39
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Egyptian Liberalism in an Age of “Crisis of Orientation”: Al-Risāla'S Reaction to Fascism and Nazism, 1933–39
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Journal Article
Egyptian Liberalism in an Age of “Crisis of Orientation”: Al-Risāla'S Reaction to Fascism and Nazism, 1933–39
1999
Overview
The 1930s are generally represented as a decade of crisis in Egypt's liberal experiment. In this conventional interpretation, a clear and acute expression of the crisis can be found in the intellectual discourse. The transition of Egyptian intellectuals to the large-scale production of Islamic literature (islāmiyyāt), books and texts dealing with classical Islamic themes and heroes, particularly biographies of the Prophet and al-Khulafā⊂ al-Rāshidün, is presented as “the crisis of orientation.” This intellectual crisis is depicted as a general abandonment of the Western modernist project by intellectuals who, until that time, had advocated a progressive, rational, and liberal orientation and had assumed that the adoption of European ideas, values, and practices en masse was essential for the modernization of Egypt and its formation into a modern nation-state. Now, in the early 1930s, by enthusiastically embracing Islamic themes, the intellectuals were carrying out a “complete retreat on all these fronts.”
