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Nitrous oxide emissions and herbage accumulation in smooth bromegrass pastures with nitrogen fertilizer and ruminant urine application
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Nitrous oxide emissions and herbage accumulation in smooth bromegrass pastures with nitrogen fertilizer and ruminant urine application
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Journal Article
Nitrous oxide emissions and herbage accumulation in smooth bromegrass pastures with nitrogen fertilizer and ruminant urine application
2014
Overview
Agricultural soils contribute significantly to nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, but little data is available on N₂O emissions from smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) pastures. This study evaluated soil N₂O emissions and herbage accumulation from smooth bromegrass pasture in eastern Nebraska, USA. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured biweekly from March to October in 2011 and 2012 using vented static chambers on smooth bromegrass plots treated with a factorial combination of five urea nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha⁻¹) and two ruminant urine treatments (distilled water and urine). Urine input strongly affected daily and cumulative N₂O emissions, but responses to N fertilizer rate depended on growing season rainfall. In 2011, when rainfall was normal, cumulative N₂O emissions increased exponentially with N fertilizer rate. In 2012, drought reduced daily and cumulative N₂O emission responses to N fertilizer rate. Herbage accumulation ranged from 4.46 Mg ha⁻¹ in unfertilized pasture with distilled water to 16.01 Mg ha⁻¹ in pasture with 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and urine in 2011. In 2012, plots treated with urine had 2.2 times more herbage accumulation than plots treated with distilled water but showed no response to N fertilizer rate. Total applied N lost as N₂O ranged from 0–0.6 to 0.5–1.7 % across N fertilizer rates in distilled water and urine treatments, respectively, and thus, support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default direct emission factors of 1.0 % for N fertilizer additions and 2.0 % for urine excreted by cattle on pasture.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag,Springer Netherlands,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
/ Animal, plant and microbial ecology
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ cattle
/ Drought
/ Forage
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ General agronomy. Plant production
/ Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development
/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
/ Nitrogen
/ Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizations
/ Pasture
/ pastures
/ rain
/ Rainfall
/ Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments
/ Urea
/ Urine
