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Assessment of Micronutrient Status in Critically Ill Children: Challenges and Opportunities
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Assessment of Micronutrient Status in Critically Ill Children: Challenges and Opportunities
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Journal Article
Assessment of Micronutrient Status in Critically Ill Children: Challenges and Opportunities
2017
Overview
Micronutrients refer to a group of organic vitamins and inorganic trace elements that serve many functions in metabolism. Assessment of micronutrient status in critically ill children is challenging due to many complicating factors, such as evolving metabolic demands, immature organ function, and varying methods of feeding that affect nutritional dietary intake. Determination of micronutrient status, especially in children, usually relies on a combination of biomarkers, with only a few having been established as a gold standard. Almost all micronutrients display a decrease in their serum levels in critically ill children, resulting in an increased risk of deficiency in this setting. While vitamin D deficiency is a well-known phenomenon in critical illness and can predict a higher need for intensive care, serum concentrations of many trace elements such as iron, zinc, and selenium decrease as a result of tissue redistribution in response to systemic inflammation. Despite a decrease in their levels, supplementation of micronutrients during times of severe illness has not demonstrated clear benefits in either survival advantage or reduction of adverse outcomes. For many micronutrients, the lack of large and randomized studies remains a major hindrance to critically evaluating their status and clinical significance.
Publisher
MDPI AG,MDPI
Subject
/ Child
/ Child Nutrition Disorders - blood
/ Child Nutrition Disorders - diagnosis
/ Child Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology
/ Child Nutrition Disorders - therapy
/ Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
/ children
/ Deficiency Diseases - diagnosis
/ Deficiency Diseases - physiopathology
/ Deficiency Diseases - therapy
/ Dietary Supplements - adverse effects
/ Humans
/ Infant
/ Infant Nutrition Disorders - blood
/ Infant Nutrition Disorders - diagnosis
/ Infant Nutrition Disorders - physiopathology
/ Infant Nutrition Disorders - therapy
/ Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
/ iron
/ Micronutrients - administration & dosage
/ Micronutrients - adverse effects
/ Review
/ selenium
/ vitamins
/ zinc
