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Sound Velocities of Stishovite at Simultaneous High Pressure and High Temperature Suggest an Eclogite‐Rich Layer Beneath the Hawaii Hotspot
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Sound Velocities of Stishovite at Simultaneous High Pressure and High Temperature Suggest an Eclogite‐Rich Layer Beneath the Hawaii Hotspot
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Sound Velocities of Stishovite at Simultaneous High Pressure and High Temperature Suggest an Eclogite‐Rich Layer Beneath the Hawaii Hotspot
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Journal Article
Sound Velocities of Stishovite at Simultaneous High Pressure and High Temperature Suggest an Eclogite‐Rich Layer Beneath the Hawaii Hotspot
2024
Overview
Compressional and shear wave velocities of polycrystalline stishovite (SiO2) have been measured at simultaneous high pressures and temperatures up to 14.5 GPa and 800°C. By fitting velocities to the finite strain equations, the elastic moduli and density were determined to be KS0 = 306.6(46) GPa, KS′ = 4.92(10), ∂KS/∂T = −0.024(1) GPa/K, G0 = 229.0(34) GPa, G′ = 1.07(10), ∂G/∂T = −0.017(1) GPa/K, ρ0 = 4.287(2) g/cm3. Our modeling suggested that, in the eclogite, coesite‐stishovite transition can increase P and S wave velocities by 2.4% and 3.5%, respectively. A comparison between geophysical observations and our model shows that the coesite‐stishovite phase transition in the eclogite can potentially be responsible for the occurrence of the X discontinuity beneath Hawaii. In addition, our current results suggest an eclogite‐rich layer between 340 and 450 km depth beneath Hawaii. The eclogite concentration at the top and bottom of the layer is 41–55 vol% and >77 vol%, respectively. Plain Language Summary In this study, we investigated the elastic behavior of stishovite, a high‐pressure mineral found in subducted oceanic crust, under simultaneous high pressure and high temperature. By measuring compressional and shear wave velocities of polycrystalline stishovite at pressures up to 14.5 GPa and temperatures up to 800°C, we determined elastic modulus for stishovite. Using current data, we developed a model to predict seismic wave velocities changes in the subducted oceanic crust known as eclogite. According to our model, the coesite‐stishovite phase transition can lead to a 2.4% and 3.5% increase in P and S wave velocities of eclogite, respectively. In addition, we compared it with geophysical observations, particularly focusing on the X discontinuity beneath Hawaii. Our result indicates the presence of an eclogite‐rich layer beneath Hawaii, extending from 340 to 450 km in depth. The concentration of eclogite at the top and bottom of this layer varies, with values ranging from 41% to 55% at approximately 336 km and exceeding 77% at around 448 km depth. Key Points Direct measurement of P and S wave velocities of stishovite at mantle pressures and temperatures In the eclogite, coesite‐stishovite transition can result in seismically detectable first order increase in P and S velocities An eclogite‐rich layer model can interpret the seismic X‐discontinuity in Hawaii area
