Journal Article

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Severe Asthma Patients Undergoing Biological Therapy: A Multicenter Study

Hromiš, Sanja, Burnac, Iva Lucija, Plavsic, Aleksandra, Stajduhar, Anamarija, Bozanic, Borislav, Miletić, Bojan, Vukosavljevic, Dragan, Milenkovic, Branislava, Lazic, Zorica, Lampalo, Marina, Stankovic, Ivana, Safic Stanic, Hana, Tomic Spiric, Vesna, Dimic Janjic, Sanja, Djokic, Bojan, Kasap Basioli, Eugenija

2025

Overview

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised concerns about severe asthma (SA) patients, especially those on biological therapy. While initial fears of increased risks diminished for the general asthma population, a subset of severe cases undergoing specific treatments continued to be closely monitored. Our study aimed to evaluate COVID-19 occurrence, asthma exacerbations, hospitalizations, and outcomes in severe asthma patients. Methods: This multicenter study gathered data from 237 adult severe asthma patients in Croatia and Serbia to assess COVID-19 impact compared to the general population. Participants received omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, or reslizumab. Data on demographics, clinical features, and COVID-19 were collected. COVID-19 symptoms and diagnostic testing were assessed as described. Results: No demographic differences were seen between COVID-19-positive and -negative groups, with eosinophilic asthma prevailing. Among patients with SA treated with biologics, the occurrence of COVID-19 did not differ significantly from that in the general population, and biologic therapy was not associated with more severe disease or higher mortality. Importantly, no meaningful differences were observed among different biologics regarding COVID-19 outcomes. Vaccination was associated with a reduction in severe cases and hospitalizations. Conclusions: Biologic therapy for severe asthma appears safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients receiving biologics did not experience worse outcomes than the general population, and no biologic was linked to poorer COVID-19 prognosis. Vaccination further contributed to protection against severe disease.

• Publisher: MDPI AG,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
• Subject: Asthma / Biological products / COVID-19 vaccines / Diagnostic tests / Disease / Drug dosages / Drug therapy / Dyspnea / Genotype & phenotype / Health aspects / Immunization / Immunotherapy / Infections / Monoclonal antibodies / Pandemics / Patient outcomes / Patients / Serology / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Statistical analysis / Steroids