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Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders
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Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders
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Journal Article
Therapeutic potential of brain stimulation techniques in the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders
2023
Overview
Treatment for brain diseases has been disappointing because available medications have failed to produce clinical response across all the patients. Many patients either do not respond or show partial and inconsistent effect, and even in patients who respond to the medications have high relapse rates. Brain stimulation has been seen as an alternative and effective remedy. As a result, brain stimulation has become one of the most valuable therapeutic tools for combating against brain diseases. In last decade, studies with the application of brain stimulation techniques not only have grown exponentially but also have expanded to wide range of brain disorders. Brain stimulation involves passing electric currents into the cortical and subcortical area brain cells with the use of noninvasive as well as invasive methods to amend brain functions. Over time, technological advancements have evolved into the development of precise devices; however, at present, most used noninvasive techniques are repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), whereas the most common invasive technique is deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the current review, we will provide an overview of the potential of noninvasive (rTMS and tDCS) and invasive (DBS) brain stimulation techniques focusing on the treatment of mental, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders. Diagrams of representative non‐invasive and invasive brain stimulation techniques. (A) represents the standard figure‐eight transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil, which is connected to intensity and pulse regulator. (B) exhibits bipolar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrodes and current regulator. (C) shows deep brain stimulation (DBS) microelectrodes inserted in brain and connected to a stimulator implanted elsewhere.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subject
/ closed‐circuit neuromodulation
/ Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology
/ Humans
/ noninvasive brain stimulation
/ Patients
/ Post traumatic stress disorder
/ repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
/ Review
/ Reviews
/ transcranial direct current stimulation
/ Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation - methods
