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Health and population effects of rare gene knockouts in adult humans with related parents

by McCarthy, Shane , Hemingway, Harry , Paigen, Kenneth , Petkov, Petko M. , Khawaja, Hajrah A. , Bockett, Nicholas A. , Sheridan, Eamonn , Xue, Yali , Jia, Zhilong , Giorda, Kristina , Barnett, Anthony H. , van Heel, David A. , Durbin, Richard , Schnall-Levin, Michael , Southgate, Laura , Kelly, M. Ann , Bellary, Srikanth , Griffiths, Christopher J. , Parisinos, Constantinos A. , Wright, John , O'Donnell-Luria, Anne , McEachan, Rosie , Tyler-Smith, Chris , Baker, Christopher L. , Karczewski, Konrad J. , Hunt, Karen A. , Lek, Monkol , Thomas, Mark , Mason, Dan , Barnes, Michael R. , Bates, Chris , Tee, Louise , Maher, Eamonn R. , Narasimhan, Vagheesh M. , MacArthur, Daniel G. , Trembath, Richard C.

in Adult / Adults / Coding / Consanguinity / DNA Mutational Analysis / Drug Prescriptions / Exome - genetics / Female / Fertility / Gene Knockout Techniques / Genes, Lethal / Genetic Disorders / Genetic Loci / Genetics / Genome, Human / Genomes / Genotype & phenotype / Genotypes / Health / Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase - genetics / Homologous Recombination / Homozygote / Humans / Male / Mothers / Pakistan - ethnology / Phenotype / Proteins / United Kingdom

2016

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Health and population effects of rare gene knockouts in adult humans with related parents

2016

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2016

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Journal Article

Health and population effects of rare gene knockouts in adult humans with related parents

McCarthy, Shane,

Hemingway, Harry,

Paigen, Kenneth,

Petkov, Petko M.,

Khawaja, Hajrah A.,

Bockett, Nicholas A.,

Sheridan, Eamonn,

Xue, Yali,

Jia, Zhilong,

Giorda, Kristina,

Barnett, Anthony H.,

van Heel, David A.,

Durbin, Richard,

Schnall-Levin, Michael,

Southgate, Laura,

Kelly, M. Ann,

Bellary, Srikanth,

Griffiths, Christopher J.,

Parisinos, Constantinos A.,

Wright, John,

O'Donnell-Luria, Anne,

McEachan, Rosie,

Tyler-Smith, Chris,

Baker, Christopher L.,

Karczewski, Konrad J.,

Hunt, Karen A.,

Lek, Monkol,

Thomas, Mark,

Mason, Dan,

Barnes, Michael R.,

Bates, Chris,

Tee, Louise,

Maher, Eamonn R.,

Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.,

MacArthur, Daniel G.,

Trembath, Richard C.

2016

Overview

Examining complete gene knockouts within a viable organism can inform on gene function. We sequenced the exomes of 3222 British adults of Pakistani heritage with high parental relatedness, discovering 1111 rare-variant homozygous genotypes with predicted loss of function (knockouts) in 781 genes. We observed 13.7% fewer homozygous knockout genotypes than we expected, implying an average load of 1.6 recessive-lethal-equivalent loss-of-function (LOF) variants per adult. When genetic data were linked to the individuals' lifelong health records, we observed no significant relationship between gene knockouts and clinical consultation or prescription rate. In this data set, we identified a healthy PRDM9-knockout mother and performed phased genome sequencing on her, her child, and control individuals. Our results show that meiotic recombination sites are localized away from PRDM9-dependent hotspots. Thus, natural LOF variants inform on essential genetic loci and demonstrate PRDM9 redundancy in humans.

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Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science

Subject

Adult

/ Adults

/ Coding

/ Consanguinity

/ DNA Mutational Analysis

/ Drug Prescriptions

/ Exome - genetics