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Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Dryland Soil Aggregates Affected by Long‐term Tillage and Cropping Sequence
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Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Dryland Soil Aggregates Affected by Long‐term Tillage and Cropping Sequence
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Journal Article
Carbon and Nitrogen Fractions in Dryland Soil Aggregates Affected by Long‐term Tillage and Cropping Sequence
2009
Overview
Tillage and cropping sequence may influence C and N sequestration, microbial activities, and N mineralization in dryland soil aggregates. We evaluated the 21‐yr effect of tillage and cropping sequence combinations on C and N fractions in aggregates of a Dooley sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls) at the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth in eastern Montana. Tillage and cropping sequences were no‐tilled continuous spring wheat (NTCW) (Triticum aestivum L.), spring‐tilled continuous spring wheat (STCW), fall‐ and spring‐tilled continuous spring wheat (FSTCW), fall‐ and spring‐tilled spring wheat‐barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (1984–1999) followed by spring wheat‐pea (Pisum sativum L.)(2000–2004)(FSTW‐B/P), and spring‐tilled spring wheat‐fallow (STW‐F). Carbon and N fractions were soil organic C (SOC), total N (STN), particulate organic C and N (POC and PON), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), potential C and N mineralization (PCM and PNM), NH4–N, and NO3–N. Aggregate proportion was greater in NTCW than in FSTCW in the 4.75‐ to 2.00‐mm aggregate‐size class at 0 to 5 cm but was greater in STW‐F than in STCW in the 2.00‐ to 0.25‐mm size class at 5 to 20 cm. After 21 yr, STW‐F reduced SOC, STN, POC, and PON concentrations in aggregates by 34 to 42% at 0‐ to 5‐cm and by 20 to 32% at 5‐ to 20‐cm compared with NTCW and STCW. The PCM and MBC were greater in NTCW and STCW than in STW‐F in the <2.00‐mm size class at 0 to 5 cm but MBN varied with treatments, aggregate‐size classes, and soil depths. Compared with other treatments, NH4–N concentration was lower in STW‐F in the 4.75‐ to 0.25‐mm size class but PNM and NO3–N were greater in FSTW‐B/P in the <2.00‐mm size class. Long‐term reduced tillage with continuous spring wheat increased soil aggregation, C and N sequestration, and microbial biomass and activities in all aggregates but increased tillage intensity with spring wheat‐barley/pea rotation increased N mineralization and availability in small aggregates compared with the conventional STW‐F.
Publisher
Soil Science Society,Soil Science Society of America,American Society of Agronomy
Subject
/ Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
/ Barley
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomass
/ Carbon
/ Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage
/ Exact sciences and technology
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ General agronomy. Plant production
/ Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns
/ Montana
/ nitrogen
/ peas
/ Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils
/ Soils
/ Structure, texture, density, mechanical behavior. Heat and gas exchanges
/ Tillage
