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Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li–S batteries
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Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li–S batteries
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Journal Article
Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li–S batteries
2024
Overview
Solid-state Li–S batteries (SSLSBs) are made of low-cost and abundant materials free of supply chain concerns. Owing to their high theoretical energy densities, they are highly desirable for electric vehicles
1
–
3
. However, the development of SSLSBs has been historically plagued by the insulating nature of sulfur
4
,
5
and the poor interfacial contacts induced by its large volume change during cycling
6
,
7
, impeding charge transfer among different solid components. Here we report an S
9.3
I molecular crystal with I
2
inserted in the crystalline sulfur structure, which shows a semiconductor-level electrical conductivity (approximately 5.9 × 10
−7
S cm
−1
) at 25 °C; an 11-order-of-magnitude increase over sulfur itself. Iodine introduces new states into the band gap of sulfur and promotes the formation of reactive polysulfides during electrochemical cycling. Further, the material features a low melting point of around 65 °C, which enables repairing of damaged interfaces due to cycling by periodical remelting of the cathode material. As a result, an Li–S
9.3
I battery demonstrates 400 stable cycles with a specific capacity retention of 87%. The design of this conductive, low-melting-point sulfur iodide material represents a substantial advancement in the chemistry of sulfur materials, and opens the door to the practical realization of SSLSBs.
A conductive, low-melting-point and healable sulfur iodide material aids the practical realization of solid-state Li–S batteries, which have high theoretical energy densities and show potential in next-generation battery chemistry.
