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Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp
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Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp
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Journal Article
Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp
2022
Overview
This article offers insight into the role of the state in land financialisation through a reading of urban hegemony. This offers the basis for a conjunctural analysis of the politics of planning within a context in which authoritarian neoliberalism is ascendant across Europe. I explore this through the case of Antwerp as it underwent a hegemonic shift in which the nationalist neoliberal party the New Flemish Alliance (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie; N-VA) ended 70 years of Socialist Party rule and deregulated the city’s technocratic planning system. However, this unbridling of the free market has led to the creation of high-margin investment products rather than suitable housing for the middle classes, raising concerns about the city’s gentrification strategy. The consequent, politicisation of the city’s planning system led to controversy over clientelism which threatened to undermine the N-VA’s wider hegemonic project. In response, the city has sought to roll out a more formalised system of negotiated developer obligations, so embedding transactional, marketoriented informal governance networks at the centre of the planning system. This article highlights how the literature on land financialisation may incorporate conjunctural analysis, in the process situating recent trends towards the use of land value capture mechanisms within the contradictions and statecraft of contemporary neoliberal urbanism.
通过对城市霸权的解读，本文深入探讨了政府在土地金融化过程中扮演的角色。在威权主义新自由主义正在欧洲盛行的背景下，这为对规划政治进行综合分析提供了基础。我通过安特卫普的例子来探讨这一点，因为它经历了霸权的转变，民族主义新自由主义政党新弗拉芒联盟 (Nieuw-Vlaamse alliantee; N-VA) 结束了社会党70年的统治，并对该市的技术官僚规划制度进行了放松管制的改革。然而，这种对自由市场的放任导致了高利润投资产品的产生，而不是为中产阶级提供合适的住房，这引发了人们对城市绅士化战略的担忧。随之而来的是，城市规划系统的政治化导致了对客户主义的争议，这可能会破坏N-VA更广泛的霸权议程。作为回应，该市寻求推出一个更正规的开发商义务协商制度，将交易型、面向市场的非正规治理网络嵌入规划体系的核心。本文强调土地金融化方面的文献可以纳入局势分析，在此过程中将土地价值获取机制的使用趋势置于当代新自由主义城市化的自相矛盾和治国之道这一大背景中。
