Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
β-Glucan training induces stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic modulation in head kidney leukocytes that persists for several days in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
β-Glucan training induces stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic modulation in head kidney leukocytes that persists for several days in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Do you wish to request the book?
β-Glucan training induces stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic modulation in head kidney leukocytes that persists for several days in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
β-Glucan training induces stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic modulation in head kidney leukocytes that persists for several days in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
2026
Overview
The innate immune system of fish has conventionally been considered incapable of immunological memory, but is now being recognised as exhibiting memory-like features known as trained immunity. This study investigated the induction of trained immunity in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) by training head kidney-derived leukocytes using β-glucan, followed by a resting phase and secondary stimulation with β-glucan (homologous) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, heterologous). The cellular responses, metabolite production, and gene expression related to innate immunity, metabolism, and epigenetic markers were assessed. The effects of initial β-glucan training persisted after a 5-day resting period, during which upregulation occurred in the expression of key innate immune and metabolic genes. Upon secondary stimulation, leukocytes exhibited stimulus-dependent transcriptional responses with increased expression of several pro-inflammatory and metabolic genes, particularly in the heterologous LPS-exposed group. Attenuation of specific inflammatory cytokine responses occurred in trained cells upon LPS stimulation, but metabolic gene expression patterns indicated regulation toward enhancing glycolytic activity and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Trained cells also displayed significantly increased phagocytic activity, especially after heterologous exposure. Only minor or moderate changes occurred in other cellular outputs (reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, lactate, and fumarate). Epigenetic markers showed limited expression changes. The experimental evidence indicates a phenotype similar to trained immunity in salmon leukocytes, characterised by transcriptional and functional alterations following β-glucan training; however, responses vary upon secondary exposure to a heterologous stimulus. This study provides new insight into trained immunity in Atlantic salmon by demonstrating the transcriptional and cellular response of leukocytes to develop stimulus-dependent immune and metabolic regulations.
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
