Journal Article

A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges

Martinez, Francisco J., Sanguesa, Julio A., Marquez-Barja, Johann M., Garrido, Piedad, Torres-Sanz, Vicente

2021

Overview

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies—from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.

• Publisher: MDPI AG
• Subject: Air pollution / Alternative energy sources / Automobiles / batteries technology / battery charging / Carbon dioxide / Charging / charging modes / Efficiency / Electric Vehicles / Emissions / Energy management / Energy resources / Environmental awareness / EV plugs / Industrial plant emissions / Lead acid batteries / Lithium ions / Nitrogen dioxide / Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle / Pollutants / Power control / Power plants / R&D / Rechargeable batteries / Renewable resources / Research & development / Wind power