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A review on renewable energy: Conversion and utilization of biomass
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Journal Article
A review on renewable energy: Conversion and utilization of biomass
2024
Overview
The significant increase in demand for fuels and chemicals driven by global economic expansion has exacerbated concerns over fossil fuel consumption and environmental pollution. To achieve sustainable production of fuels and chemicals, biomass resources provide a rich repository for carbon‐neutral, green renewable energy, and organic carbon. This paper reviews the transformation and utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives, emphasizing their valorization into high‐quality chemicals and biofuels. The advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods are discussed based on the composition of lignocellulose. Furthermore, the methods and pathways for the valorization and conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are detailed according to the unique functional groups of different lignocellulosic platform molecules. However, the complex and resilient structure of biomass presents challenges for the disassembly and utilization of single components, and achieving high yields and selectivity for target products remains difficult. In conclusion, this paper comprehensively reviews the various types and pretreatment technologies of lignocellulose, focusing on the methods and pathways for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives, thereby providing clear guidance and insights for optimizing lignocellulose utilization in the future. In recent years, many reviews have primarily focused on the conversion of biomass into biofuels or its value‐added through various methods, such as pretreatment methods, conversion techniques, and types of catalysts. Therefore, this paper comprehensively summarizes the latest progress in the conversion of lignocellulose into high‐value chemicals and fuels. While briefly introducing the structure of biomass, it discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different pretreatment methods and further explores the main pathways and methods for the value‐added of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin (Figure 1). In the future, the development of biomass conversion technology will focus on the design and development of efficient catalysts, particularly those with high activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as the optimization of biocatalysts. In terms of process integration and optimization, coupling different conversion technologies with intelligent control can enhance overall efficiency and economic viability. The advancement of biomass value‐added technologies will promote the efficient and sustainable utilization of biomass resources, providing a solid technical foundation for the development of a green economy.
