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Journal Article
A close-in giant planet escapes engulfment by its star
2023
Overview
When main-sequence stars expand into red giants, they are expected to engulf close-in planets
1
–
5
. Until now, the absence of planets with short orbital periods around post-expansion, core-helium-burning red giants
6
–
8
has been interpreted as evidence that short-period planets around Sun-like stars do not survive the giant expansion phase of their host stars
9
. Here we present the discovery that the giant planet 8 Ursae Minoris b
10
orbits a core-helium-burning red giant. At a distance of only 0.5
au
from its host star, the planet would have been engulfed by its host star, which is predicted by standard single-star evolution to have previously expanded to a radius of 0.7
au
. Given the brief lifetime of helium-burning giants, the nearly circular orbit of the planet is challenging to reconcile with scenarios in which the planet survives by having a distant orbit initially. Instead, the planet may have avoided engulfment through a stellar merger that either altered the evolution of the host star or produced 8 Ursae Minoris b as a second-generation planet
11
. This system shows that core-helium-burning red giants can harbour close planets and provides evidence for the role of non-canonical stellar evolution in the extended survival of late-stage exoplanetary systems.
The giant planet 8 Ursae Minoris b seems to have avoided engulfment by its giant host star through a stellar merger that either affected the evolution of the host star or produced 8 Ursae Minoris b as a second-generation planet.
