Journal Article

Sooting turbulent jet flame: Characterization and quantitative soot measurements

Köhler, M, Geigle, K.P, Crosland, B.M, Thomson, K.A, Meier, W, Smallwood, G.J

2011

Overview

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelers require high-quality experimental data sets for validation of their numerical tools. Preferred features for numerical simulations of a sooting, turbulent test case flame are simplicity (no pilot flame), well-defined boundary conditions, and sufficient soot production. This paper proposes a non-premixed C2H 4/air turbulent jet flame to fill this role and presents an extensive database for soot model validation. The sooting turbulent jet flame has a total visible flame length of approximately 400 mm and a fuel-jet Reynolds number of 10,000. The flame has a measured lift-off height of 26 mm which acts as a sensitive marker for CFD model validation, while this novel compiled experimental database of soot properties, temperature and velocity maps are useful for the validation of kinetic soot models and numerical flame simulations. Due to the relatively simple burner design which produces a flame with sufficient soot concentration while meeting modelers' needs with respect to boundary conditions and flame specifications as well as the present lack of a sooting \"standard flame\", this flame is suggested as a new reference turbulent sooting flame. The flame characterization presented here involved a variety of optical diagnostics including quantitative 2D laser-induced incandescence (2D-LII), shifted-vibrational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (SV-CARS), and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Producing an accurate and comprehensive characterization of a transient sooting flame was challenging and required optimization of these diagnostics. In this respect, we present the first simultaneous, instantaneous PIV, and LII measurements in a heavily sooting flame environment. Simultaneous soot and flow field measurements can provide new insights into the interaction between a turbulent vortex and flame chemistry, especially since soot structures in turbulent flames are known to be small and often treated in a statistical manner. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

• Publisher: Springer-Verlag,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Boundary conditions / Burner design / CFD models / Characterization / Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy / Combustion / Computational fluid dynamics / Computer simulation / Dust / Engineering / Ethylene / Experimental data / Experimental database / Explosives / Flame chemistry / Flame length / Flow field measurement / Fluid flow / High quality / Jet flames / Jet flow / Kinetic soot models / Laser diagnostics / Laser induced incandescence / Lasers / Mathematical models / Non-premixed / Numerical tools / Optical Devices / Optical diagnostics / Optics / Particle image velocimetries / Particle image velocimetry / Photonics / Physical Chemistry / Physics / Physics and Astronomy / Pilot flame / Preferred features / Quantum Optics / Raman spectroscopy / Reynolds number / Soot / Soot concentration / Soot measurement / Soot model / Soot production / Sooting flames / Test case / Turbulence / Turbulent combustion / Turbulent flame / Turbulent flames / Turbulent flow / Turbulent jet flames / Turbulent jets / Turbulent vortices / Validation data / Velocity maps / Velocity measurement