Journal Article

How Subsurface Water Technologies (SWT) can Provide Robust, Effective, and Cost-Efficient Solutions for Freshwater Management in Coastal Zones

Oosterhof, Ate T., Zuurbier, Koen G., Paalman, Marcel, Raat, Klaasjan J., Stuyfzand, Pieter J.

2017

Overview

Freshwater resources in coastal zones are limited while demands are high, resulting in problems like seasonal water shortage, overexploitation of freshwater aquifers, and seawater intrusion. Three subsurface water technologies (SWT) that can provide robust, effective, and cost-efficient solutions to manage freshwater resources in the subsurface are evaluated using groundwater modelling and validation at field-scale: (1) ASR-coastal to store freshwater surpluses in confined brackish-saline aquifers for recovery in times of demand, (2) the Freshkeeper to counteract salinization of well fields by interception and desalination of upconing brackish groundwater, and (3) the Freshmaker to combine ASR and Freshkeeper to enlarge the volume of natural freshwater lenses for later abstraction. The evaluation indicates that SWT can be used in various hydrogeological settings for various hydrogeological problems like seawater intrusion, upconing, and bubble drift during ASR and have significant economic benefits. Although only sporadically applied to date, we foresee that SWT will stimulate (cost-)efficient and sustainable exploitation of various freshwater sources (like groundwater, rainwater, treated waste water, surface water) in coastal zones. Prolonged SWT testing in the current pilots, replication of SWT in other areas worldwide, and the development of technical and non-technical support tools are required to facilitate potential end-users in investment decision making and SWT implementation.

• Publisher: Springer Netherlands,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Aquifers / Atmospheric Sciences / Civil Engineering / Coastal aquifers / Coastal management / Coastal waters / Coastal zone / Coastal zones / coasts / cost effectiveness / Decision making / Desalination / Earth and Environmental Science / Earth Sciences / Economic benefits / Economic conditions / End users / Environment / Evaluation / Exploitation / financial economics / Fresh water / Freshwater / Freshwater lenses / Freshwater resources / Freshwater resources management / Freshwaters / Geology / Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences / Groundwater / Groundwater treatment / Hydrogeology / Hydrology/Water Resources / Inland water environment / Interception / Intrusion / Mathematical models / Modelling / Overexploitation / Pilots / Rain / Rain water / Resource management / Robustness / Saline water intrusion / Salinization / saltwater intrusion / Sea water / Seawater / Solutions / Subsurface water / Surface water / surpluses / Technical services / Waste treatment / Wastewater / Wastewater treatment / Water desalting / Water shortages