Journal Article

Long-term follow-up of children with refractory immune thrombocytopenia treated with rituximab

Bessho, Fumio, Takahashi, Yoshiyuki, Tanaka, Fumiko, Shirahata, Akira, Hayakawa, Akira, Ishii, Eiichi, Hatakeyama, Naoki, Goto, Hiroaki, Matsubara, Kousaku, Morimoto, Tsuyoshi, Nakadate, Hisaya, Hashii, Yoshiko, Sakai, Michio, Maeda, Naoko, Oka, Toshiaki, Imaizumi, Masue

2014

Overview

Data on long-term outcomes of children with refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) treated with rituximab are limited. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term effect of rituximab on 22 pediatric ITP patients (11 boys and 11 girls). Compete response (CR) (platelet count ≥100 × 10 9 /L) and partial response (PR) (platelet count 30–99 × 10 9 /L) were achieved in nine (41 %) and two (9 %) patients, respectively. Of the 11 responders, eight subsequently relapsed 2–26 months after initial rituximab treatment. The 5-year relapse-free rate was 14 % (3/22, 95 % confidence interval: 0–27 %) with a median follow-up period of 6.4 years. Five initial responders with subsequent relapse and one non-responder received multiple rituximab treatments of nine courses; all patients responded to the second rituximab therapy without any significant toxicity. All eight patients who relapsed after an initial response and six of 11 non-responders achieved CR or PR with subsequent treatment, including repeated courses of rituximab, splenectomy, steroids, and other immunomodulating agents. Our findings indicated that the sustained effect of rituximab on children with refractory ITP is low, but that the long-term outcome of ITP itself is not poor. Furthermore, repeated rituximab administration may be a promising therapy for those who relapse after an initial response.

• Publisher: Springer Japan,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived - administration & dosage / Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived - adverse effects / Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived - therapeutic use / Biological and medical sciences / Child / Child, Preschool / Female / Follow-Up Studies / Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases / Hematology / Humans / Immunologic Factors - administration & dosage / Immunologic Factors - adverse effects / Immunologic Factors - therapeutic use / Infant / Male / Medical sciences / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Oncology / Original Article / Platelet Count / Platelet diseases and coagulopathies / Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic - complications / Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic - drug therapy / Recurrence / Retreatment / Retrospective Studies / Rituximab / Treatment Outcome