Journal Article

What pre-Columbian mummies could teach us about South American leishmaniases?

Momen, Hooman, Hôpital Archet 2 [Nice] (CHU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC) ; Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie]), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Occitanie])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Akhoundi, Mohammad, Interactions hôtes-vecteurs-parasites-environnement dans les maladies tropicales négligées dues aux trypanosomatides (UMR INTERTRYP) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

2017

Overview

A recent report on the taxonomic profile of the human gut microbiome in pre-Columbian mummies (Santiago-Rodriguez et al. 2016) gives for the first time evidence of the presence of Leishmania DNA (sequences similar to Leishmania donovani according to the authors) that can be reminiscent of visceral leishmaniasis during the pre-Columbian era. It is commonly assumed that Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) was introduced into the New World by the Iberian conquest. This finding is really surprising and must be put into perspective with what is known from an AVL epidemiological and historical point of view. Beside L. infantum, there are other species that are occasionally reported to cause AVL in the New World. Among these, L. colombiensis is present in the region of pre-Columbian mummies studied. Other explanations for these findings include a more ancient introduction of a visceral species of Leishmania from the Old World or the existence of a yet unidentified endemic species causing visceral leishmaniasis in South America. Unfortunately, very few molecular data are known about this very long pre-Columbian period concerning the circulating species of Leishmania and their diversity in America.

• Publisher: Oxford University Press,CCSD
• Subject: Animals / Biodiversity / Biological evolution / Deoxyribonucleic acid / DNA / DNA, Protozoan / Endemic species / Epidemiology / Etiology / Evolution, Molecular / Gene sequencing / Humans / Intestinal microflora / Introduced species / Leishmania / Leishmania - classification / Leishmania - genetics / Leishmaniasis, Visceral - epidemiology / Leishmaniasis, Visceral - microbiology / Leishmaniasis, Visceral - transmission / Life Sciences / Microbiology and Parasitology / Microbiomes / Microorganisms / Mummies / Mummies - microbiology / Nucleotide sequence / Parasitic diseases / Santé publique et épidémiologie / South America / Vector-borne diseases / Visceral leishmaniasis
• ISBN: 0004045175000