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Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2
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Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2
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Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2
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Journal Article
Feedback processes responsible for the deficiency of El Niño diversity in CESM2
2025
Overview
During the mature phases of two types of El Niño, the patterns of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) are obviously different, with the centers near eastern Pacific (EP) for the EP El Niño and near the dateline (180° of longitude) for the central Pacific (CP) El Niño. However, contradicting with the observation, in the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), the SSTA centers of both types of El Niño are close to the CP area, which makes them difficult to be separated, i.e., the CESM2 shows a relatively poor depiction of the realistic El Niño diversity. To explore the possible reasons for this deficiency, a meticulous comparison of the dominant mechanisms for the equatorial Pacific SSTA evolution, i.e., the thermocline feedback (TH) and the zonal advective feedback (ZA), between the model and observation is conducted in this study. The results suggest that comparing with the observation, the weak intensity of TH and the westward shift of the dominant ZA position in the model are the primary causes that induce such proximity of SSTA centers of the two types of El Niño. The deeper thermocline depth, which induce smaller amplitude of thermocline depth variation, cause the deviation of the TH in CESM2. Furthermore, the deviation of the ZA comes from the pronounced westward bias in simulating the background zonal gradient of sea surface temperature, along with the weak zonal current anomalies in the EP area.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
