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Iron Supplementation in HIV-Infected Malawian Children With Anemia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
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Iron Supplementation in HIV-Infected Malawian Children With Anemia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
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Iron Supplementation in HIV-Infected Malawian Children With Anemia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
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Journal Article
Iron Supplementation in HIV-Infected Malawian Children With Anemia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
2013
Overview
Background. It is unknown whether iron supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected children living in regions with high infection pressure is safe or beneficial. A 2-arm, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted to examine the effects of iron supplementation on hemoglobin, HIV disease progression, and morbidity. Methods. HIV-infected Malawian children aged 6–59 months with moderate anemia (hemoglobin level, 7.09.9 g/dL) were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg/kg/day of elemental iron and multivitamins (vitamins A, C, and D) or multivitamins alone for 3 months. Participants were followed for 6 months. Results. A total of 209 children were randomly assigned to treatment, and 196 (93.8%) completed 6 months of follow-up. Iron supplementation was associated with greater increases in hemoglobin concentrations (adjusted mean difference [aMD], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], .06-1.13; P= .03) and reduced the risk of anemia persisting for up to 6 months follow-up (adjusted prevalence ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, .38-.92; P = .02). Children who received iron had a better CD4 percentage response at 3 months (aMD, 6.00; 95% CI, 1.84-10.16; P= .005) but an increased incidence of malaria at 6 months (incidence rate, 120.2 vs 71.7; adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 1.81 [95% CI, 1.04-3.16]; P = .04), especially during the first 3 months (incidence rate, 78.1 vs 36.0; aIRR, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.08-6.63]; P = .03). Conclusions. Iron supplementation in anemic HIV-infected children has beneficial effects on hemoglobin, anemia, and immunity but increases the risk of malaria. Thus, iron supplementation in HIV-infected children living in malaria-endemic areas should only be provided in combination with adequate protection from malaria. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN-62947977.
Publisher
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS,Oxford University Press
Subject
/ AIDS
/ Anemia
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Children
/ Female
/ Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases
/ Highly active antiretroviral therapy
/ HIV
/ HIV Infections - parasitology
/ HIV/AIDS
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Humans
/ Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies
/ Infant
/ Iron
/ Iron - administration & dosage
/ Malaria
/ Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology
/ Malaria, Falciparum - virology
/ Malawi
/ Male
/ Mothers
/ Placebos
/ Plasmodium falciparum - isolation & purification
/ Risk
/ Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
/ Vitamins
