Journal Article

Effects of dietary microencapsulated sodium butyrate on growth, intestinal mucosal morphology, immune response and adhesive bacteria in juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) pre-fed with or without oxidised oil

Yang, Yanou, Zhang, Jianli, Zhou, Zhigang, Liu, Wenshu, Gatlin, Delbert M., Ringø, Einar

2014

Overview

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary sustained-release microencapsulated sodium butyrate (MSB) products (0 (non-supplement), 1·5 and 3·0 h) for a control or oxidised soyabean oil (SBO) diet on fish production, intestinal mucosal condition, immunity and intestinal bacteria in juvenile common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). Dietary MSB increased weight gain and reduced the feed conversion ratio within the control and oxidised SBO groups. Gut mucosa was damaged in the oxidised SBO group fed without MSB, in contrast to a normal appearance found in fish fed the MSB1·5 and MSB3·0 diets in the oxidised SBO group. Microvillus density increased in fish fed the MSB1·5 and MSB3·0 diets in the oxidised SBO group ( P < 0·001); however, microvillus density was affected by the different pre-fed diets in the midgut ( P < 0·001) and by the different sustained-release times of MSB in the distal gut (DG) ( P = 0·003). The interaction between the pre-fed diets and the sustained-release times of dietary MSB was significant for the relative gene expression levels of gut heat shock protein-70 ( HSP70 ), pro-inflammatory cytokines ( IL-1β and TNF-α ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β) within each gut segment, except for HSP70 in the DG and IL-1β in the foregut. Modulation of adherent bacterial communities within each gut segment investigated was not obvious when the common carp were fed the diets with MSB, as similarity coefficients of >0·79 were observed. These results indicated that MSB can be used as a dietary supplement to repair or prevent intestinal damage in carp fed oxidised SBO.

• Publisher: Cambridge University Press
• Subject: Animals / Antioxidants - chemistry / Antioxidants - metabolism / Aquaculture / Bacteria / Bacterial Adhesion / bacterial communities / Biological and medical sciences / Butyric Acid - chemistry / Butyric Acid - metabolism / carp / Carps - growth & development / Carps - immunology / Carps - metabolism / Carps - microbiology / China / Cyprinus carpio / Cytokines - genetics / Cytokines - metabolism / Diet / Diet - veterinary / Dietary supplements / Digestive system / digestive tract mucosa / Feed conversion / Feeding. Feeding behavior / Fish / fish production / Fish Proteins - genetics / Fish Proteins - metabolism / foregut / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / gene expression / Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Gram-Negative Bacteria - growth & development / Gram-Negative Bacteria - immunology / Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification / Gram-Positive Bacteria - growth & development / Gram-Positive Bacteria - immunology / Gram-Positive Bacteria - isolation & purification / heat stress / heat-shock protein 70 / HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics / HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism / Immune response / Immunity, Mucosal / interleukin-1beta / intestinal microorganisms / Intestinal Mucosa - growth & development / Intestinal Mucosa - immunology / Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology / Intestinal Mucosa - ultrastructure / intestines / Intestines - growth & development / Intestines - immunology / Intestines - microbiology / Intestines - ultrastructure / juveniles / microencapsulation / microvilli / Microvilli - immunology / Microvilli - microbiology / Microvilli - ultrastructure / midgut / Oxidation-Reduction / Oxidative Stress / Sodium / sodium butyrate / Solubility / Soybean oil / Soybean Oil - adverse effects / Soybean Oil - antagonists & inhibitors / Soybean Oil - chemistry / Soybeans / transforming growth factor beta / tumor necrosis factor-alpha / Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems / weight gain