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Factors associated with failure of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
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Factors associated with failure of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
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Journal Article
Factors associated with failure of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
2025
Overview
Background:
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has emerged as a prevalent and recurrent antibiotic-associated infection. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most effective treatment for recurrent CDI (rCDI). Despite high success rates, FMT is ineffective in 5%–20% of cases. Factors associated with failure have not been clearly defined.
Objectives:
In this study, we seek to identify factors predictive of FMT failure.
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
A retrospective chart review was conducted on adult patients who were screened at the Complicated C. difficile Clinic at the University of Virginia Health System and received FMT for rCDI between 2013 and 2022. The primary outcome was failure of FMT, defined as either rCDI or all-cause death within 1 year.
Results:
In total, 240 patients underwent FMT: 70.4% were female, the median age was 68, and the median episode of CDI was 4. A total of 24.6% experienced failure within 1 year (18.3% had rCDI and 7.1% died). Age 70 or older (odds ratio (OR) = 2.66 (1.29–5.67)), ⩾4 episodes of CDI (OR = 3.13 (1.47–7.09)), and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.82 (1.25–6.50)) were associated with failure on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion:
Our study shows that FMT remains an effective treatment for rCDI. We highlight several factors associated with FMT failure, such as older age, ⩾4 episodes of CDI, and diabetes mellitus, and the need for additional research to clearly define causality.
Plain language summary
Factors associated with failure of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common diarrheal infection associated with antibiotic use. It is commonly treated with antibiotics, and in patients with recurrent CDI (rCDI), fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most effective treatment. Despite high success rates, FMT is ineffective in 5–20% of cases. Factors associated with failure have not been clearly defined. In this study, we seek to better understand factors predictive of FMT failure. We conducted a retrospective chart review, looking at electronic medical records of 240 adult patients. All patients were screened at the Complicated C. difficile Clinic at the University of Virginia Health System and received FMT for rCDI between 2013 and 2022. The primary outcome was failure of FMT, defined as either rCDI or all-cause death within one year. Of the 240 patients who underwent FMT: 70.4% were female, median age was 68, and median episodes of CDI was 4. 24.6% experienced failure within the year (18.3% had rCDI and 7.1% died). Age 70 or older, ≥4 episodes of CDI, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with FMT failure. Our study shows that FMT remains an effective treatment for rCDI. We highlight several factors associated with FMT failure and the need for additional research to clearly define causality.
Publisher
SAGE Publications,Sage Publications Ltd
Subject
