Journal Article

Morbidity and Mortality After Gastrectomy: Identification of Modifiable Risk Factors

Das, Deepanjana, Zaydfudim, Victor M., Martin, Allison N., Bauer, Todd W., Adams, Reid B., Turrentine, Florence E.

2016

Overview

Background Morbidity after gastrectomy remains high. The potentially modifiable risk factors have not been well described. This study considers a series of potentially modifiable patient-specific and perioperative characteristics that could be considered to reduce morbidity and mortality after gastrectomy. Methods This retrospective cohort study includes adults in the ACS NSQIP PUF dataset who underwent gastrectomy between 2011 and 2013. Sequential multivariable models were used to estimate effects of clinical covariates on study outcomes including morbidity, mortality, readmission, and reoperation. Results Three thousand six hundred and seventy-eight patients underwent gastrectomy. A majority of patients had distal gastrectomy ( N  = 2,799, 76.1 %) and had resection for malignancy ( N  = 2,316, 63.0 %). Seven hundred and ninety-eight patients (21.7 %) experienced a major complication. Reoperation was required in 290 patients (7.9 %). Thirty-day mortality was 5.2 %. Age (OR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.01–1.02, p  = 0.001), preoperative malnutrition (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI = 1.35–2.02, p  < 0.001), total gastrectomy (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.31–2.03, p  < 0.001), benign indication for resection (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.29–1.97, p  < 0.001), blood transfusion (OR = 2.57, 95 % CI = 2.10–3.13, p  < 0.001), and intraoperative placement of a feeding tubes (OR = 1.28, 95 % CI = 1.00–1.62, p  = 0.047) were independently associated with increased risk of morbidity. Association between tobacco use and morbidity was statistically marginal (OR = 1.23, 95 % CI = 0.99–1.53, p  = 0.064). All-cause postoperative morbidity had significant associations with reoperation, readmission, and mortality (all p  < 0.001). Conclusions Mitigation of perioperative risk factors including smoking and malnutrition as well as identified operative considerations may improve outcomes after gastrectomy. Postoperative morbidity has the strongest association with other measures of poor outcome: reoperation, readmission, and mortality.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Age Factors / Aged / Blood transfusions / Cohort analysis / Data collection / Female / Gastrectomy - adverse effects / Gastrectomy - methods / Gastrectomy - mortality / Gastroenterology / Gastrointestinal surgery / Humans / Intubation, Gastrointestinal - adverse effects / Male / Malnutrition / Malnutrition - complications / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Morbidity / Mortality / Original Article / Patient Readmission - statistics & numerical data / Patients / Postoperative Complications - etiology / Quality improvement / Reoperation - statistics & numerical data / Retrospective Studies / Risk Factors / Smoking - adverse effects / Surgery / Surgical outcomes / Transfusion Reaction