Journal Article

Re-Programming Autoreactive T Cells Into T-Regulatory Type 1 Cells for the Treatment of Autoimmunity

Solé, Patricia, Santamaria, Pere

2021

Overview

Systemic delivery of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class II-based nanomedicines can re-program cognate autoantigen-experienced CD4+ T cells into disease-suppressing T-regulatory type 1 (TR1)-like cells. In turn, these TR1-like cells trigger the formation of complex regulatory cell networks that can effectively suppress organ-specific autoimmunity without impairing normal immunity. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the transcriptional, phenotypic and functional make up of TR1-like cells as described in the literature. The true identity and direct precursors of these cells remain unclear, in particular whether TR1-like cells comprise a single terminally-differentiated lymphocyte population with distinct transcriptional and epigenetic features, or a collection of phenotypically different subsets sharing key regulatory properties. We propose that detailed transcriptional and epigenetic characterization of homogeneous pools of TR1-like cells will unravel this conundrum.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Antigens / Arthritis / autoimmune disease / Autoimmunity / CD4 antigen / Cell differentiation / Cells / Cholangitis / Cytokines / Encephalomyelitis / Epigenetics / Genotype & phenotype / Immunology / interleukin 10 (IL10) / Lymphatic system / Lymphocytes / Lymphocytes T / Major histocompatibility complex / peptide-MHC class II-coated nanoparticles / Peptides / T-cell reprogramming / T-regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells / therapy / Transcription / Transcription factors