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The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway
by
Mayer, Stefanie E.
, Puterman, Eli
, Surachman, Agus
, Prather, Aric A.
, Almeida, David M.
, Irwin, Michael R.
, Danese, Andrea
, Delucchi, Kevin L.
, Epel, Elissa S.
in
Adverse childhood experiences
/ Autobiographical literature
/ Cardiovascular disease
/ Caregivers
/ Childhood
/ Children
/ Diaries
/ Emotional abuse
/ Emotions
/ Evaluation
/ Laboratories
/ Mediation
/ Mental depression
/ Mental disorders
/ Mental health
/ Middle age
/ Midlife
/ Negative emotions
/ Negative events
/ Original Article
/ Psychological distress
/ Psychological processes
/ Psychological trauma
/ Risk
/ Stress
/ Structural equation modeling
/ Symptoms
/ Threats
/ Trauma
2022
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The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway
by
Mayer, Stefanie E.
, Puterman, Eli
, Surachman, Agus
, Prather, Aric A.
, Almeida, David M.
, Irwin, Michael R.
, Danese, Andrea
, Delucchi, Kevin L.
, Epel, Elissa S.
in
Adverse childhood experiences
/ Autobiographical literature
/ Cardiovascular disease
/ Caregivers
/ Childhood
/ Children
/ Diaries
/ Emotional abuse
/ Emotions
/ Evaluation
/ Laboratories
/ Mediation
/ Mental depression
/ Mental disorders
/ Mental health
/ Middle age
/ Midlife
/ Negative emotions
/ Negative events
/ Original Article
/ Psychological distress
/ Psychological processes
/ Psychological trauma
/ Risk
/ Stress
/ Structural equation modeling
/ Symptoms
/ Threats
/ Trauma
2022
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The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway
by
Mayer, Stefanie E.
, Puterman, Eli
, Surachman, Agus
, Prather, Aric A.
, Almeida, David M.
, Irwin, Michael R.
, Danese, Andrea
, Delucchi, Kevin L.
, Epel, Elissa S.
in
Adverse childhood experiences
/ Autobiographical literature
/ Cardiovascular disease
/ Caregivers
/ Childhood
/ Children
/ Diaries
/ Emotional abuse
/ Emotions
/ Evaluation
/ Laboratories
/ Mediation
/ Mental depression
/ Mental disorders
/ Mental health
/ Middle age
/ Midlife
/ Negative emotions
/ Negative events
/ Original Article
/ Psychological distress
/ Psychological processes
/ Psychological trauma
/ Risk
/ Stress
/ Structural equation modeling
/ Symptoms
/ Threats
/ Trauma
2022
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The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway
Journal Article
The long shadow of childhood trauma for depression in midlife: examining daily psychological stress processes as a persistent risk pathway
2022
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Overview
Childhood trauma (CT) increases the risk of adult depression. Buffering effects require an understanding of the underlying persistent risk pathways. This study examined whether daily psychological stress processes - how an individual interprets and affectively responds to minor everyday events - mediate the effect of CT on adult depressive symptoms.
Middle-aged women (N = 183) reported CT at baseline and completed daily diaries of threat appraisals and negative evening affect for 7 days at baseline, 9, and 18 months. Depressive symptoms were measured across the 1.5-year period. Mediation was examined using multilevel structural equation modeling.
Reported CT predicted greater depressive symptoms over the 1.5-year time period (estimate = 0.27, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.15-0.38, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals and negative affect mediated the effect of reported CT on depressive symptoms (estimate = 0.34, s.e. = 0.08, 95% CI 0.22-0.46, p < 0.001). Daily threat appraisals explained more than half of this effect (estimate = 0.19, s.e. = 0.07, 95% CI 0.08-0.30, p = 0.004). Post hoc analyses in individuals who reported at least moderate severity of CT showed that lower threat appraisals buffered depressive symptoms. A similar pattern was found in individuals who reported no/low severity of CT.
A reported history of CT acts as a latent vulnerability, exaggerating threat appraisals of everyday events, which trigger greater negative evening affect - processes that have important mental health consequences and may provide malleable intervention targets.
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