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Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus
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Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus
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Journal Article
Clostridium difficile: New Insights into the Evolution of the Pathogenicity Locus
2015
Overview
The major virulence factors of
Clostridium difficile
are toxins A and B. These toxins are encoded by
tcdA
and
tcdB
genes, which form a pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) together with three additional genes that have been implicated in regulation (
tcdR
and
tcdC
) and secretion (
tcdE
). To date, the PaLoc has always been found in the same location and is replaced in non-toxigenic strains by a highly conserved 75/115 bp non-coding region. Here, we show new types of
C. difficile
pathogenicity loci through the genome analysis of three atypical clinical strains and describe for the first time a variant strain producing only toxin A (A
+
B
−
). Importantly, we found that the PaLoc integration sites of these three strains are located in the genome far from the usual single known PaLoc integration site. These findings allowed us to propose a new model of PaLoc evolution in which two “Mono-Toxin PaLoc” sites are merged to generate a single “Bi-Toxin PaLoc”.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 45/23
/ 45/77
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Bacterial Toxins - metabolism
/ Clostridium difficile - classification
/ Clostridium difficile - genetics
/ Clostridium difficile - metabolism
/ Clostridium difficile - pathogenicity
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ Genomes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Science
/ Toxin A
/ Toxins
