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Controlling and enhancing CRISPR systems
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Controlling and enhancing CRISPR systems
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Journal Article
Controlling and enhancing CRISPR systems
2021
Overview
Many bacterial and archaeal organisms use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR associated (CRISPR–Cas) systems to defend themselves from mobile genetic elements. These CRISPR–Cas systems are classified into six types based on their composition and mechanism. CRISPR–Cas enzymes are widely used for genome editing and offer immense therapeutic opportunity to treat genetic diseases. To realize their full potential, it is important to control the timing, duration, efficiency and specificity of CRISPR–Cas enzyme activities. In this Review we discuss the mechanisms of natural CRISPR–Cas regulatory biomolecules and engineering strategies that enhance or inhibit CRISPR–Cas immunity by altering enzyme function. We also discuss the potential applications of these CRISPR regulators and highlight unanswered questions about their evolution and purpose in nature.
This Review summarizes recent advances in CRISPR–Cas regulation mechanisms by natural biomolecules that enhance or inhibit CRIPSR–Cas immunity, as well as their applications in CRISPR biology and technologies.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Bacteriophages - growth & development
/ Chemistry and Materials Science
/ Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
/ CRISPR
/ CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 - genetics
/ CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 - metabolism
/ Enzymes
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
/ Genetic Engineering - methods
/ Genomes
/ Humans
/ Immunity
/ Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
