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Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties
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Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties
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Journal Article
Co-inoculation effect of Rhizobium and Achillea millefolium L. oil extracts on growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soil microbial-chemical properties
2019
Overview
Essential oils (EO) of several plant species have the potential to combat plant and fungal diseases. However, the effects of
Achillea millefolium
EO on the development of common bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris
L.), is still unknown. Moreover, its effect on N
2
-fixing bacteria, and in general on soil properties has not been studied yet. A greenhouse trial was set up to evaluate both the influence that
Achillea millefolium
EO and the inoculation with three different
Rhizobium
strains have on the bean plant and on the chemical and microbiological properties of an agriculturally used Cambisol. Non-inoculated pots were used as control. Our findings showed a decrease in bacterial colony forming units due to EO application and an increase following the
Rhizobium
inoculation compared to the control. The EO application decreased soil basal respiration and activities of dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase and acid phosphatase. Such effects were stronger with higher oil concentrations. Moreover, the treatments combining
Rhizobium
inoculation with EO showed a positive effect on nodulation and plant height. Overall, the combined application of
Achillea millefolium
EO and rhizobia works as an efficient biocide that could be applied in organic agriculture without hampering the activity of nodule-forming N-fixing bacteria and the development of common bean.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
