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Journal Article
Modern network science of neurological disorders
2014
Overview
Key Points
Healthy structural and functional brain networks are characterized by a cost-effective architecture, which has an optimal balance between local and global connectivity, and a hierarchical modular structure.
Normal brain-network organization arises during development under genetic control and is correlated with cognitive function.
Local brain lesions give rise to widespread changes to networks, whereas global brain disorders preferentially affect highly connected hub regions.
In many neurological disorders, the most consistent changes concern a breakdown of the hierarchical modular structure and, in particular, a loss of highly connected hub areas.
The pattern of network changes in neurological disorders may be explained by a hypothetical scenario of 'hub overload and failure'.
The application of network science to several common neurological disorders challenges the idea that these disorders are either 'local' or 'global'. In this Review, Kees Stam proposes a model of hub overload and failure as a possible final common pathway in diverse neurological disorders.
Modern network science has revealed fundamental aspects of normal brain-network organization, such as small-world and scale-free patterns, hierarchical modularity, hubs and rich clubs. The next challenge is to use this knowledge to gain a better understanding of brain disease. Recent developments in the application of network science to conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury and epilepsy have challenged the classical concept of neurological disorders being either 'local' or 'global', and have pointed to the overload and failure of hubs as a possible final common pathway in neurological disorders.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
